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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Carbon containing compounds. Organic Chemistry. Study of carbon containing compounds Organic compounds can be found in foods (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, etc), petroleum based products, medication, plastics, fibers. Penicillin Buckyball Caffeine.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Carbon containing compounds

  2. Organic Chemistry • Study of carbon containing compounds • Organic compounds can be found in foods (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, etc), petroleum based products, medication, plastics, fibers

  3. Penicillin Buckyball Caffeine Buckminsterfullerene

  4. First 10 Straight Chain AlkanesTable 25.1 on page 745

  5. Branched Chain Alkanes The halogens and groups of atoms like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus can take the place of a hydrogen in the carbon chain

  6. Drawing Structural Formulas CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2(CH3)CH3 CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(CH3)CH3CH3

  7. CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3 CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3

  8. Organic Nomenclature • Alkanes(CnH2n+2) • Compounds containing all C to C single bonds. • Homologous Series • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • Propane C3H8 • Butane C4H10 • Pentane C5H12 • Hexane C6H14 • Heptane C7H16 • Octane C8H18 • Nonane C9H20 • Decane C10H22

  9. Cycloalkane (CnH2n) • Isomers of alkenes (CnH2n) • Rings in shape • Contain C to C single bonds

  10. Rules for naming alkanes • Use longest chain. • Number C atoms, starting from the end nearest attachment (side chain or substituent). • Punctuation is important. • Name is one word. • Numbers separated by commas. • Numbers separated from words with hyphens. • If branch is an alkane then the suffix –yl is added. • If more than one of the same branch is present then the Greek prefixes are used (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.). • If more than one branch is present they are listed in alphabetical order (Greek prefixes are not used for the ordering). • Halogen branches are the same but w/o –yl suffix (chloro-, bromo-, etc).

  11. Examples Butane 2-methylpropane 2,3-dimethylpentane 3-ethyl-2-methylhexane 2,2-dibromo-1-chloro-3-methylbutane CH3CH2CH2CH3 = CH3CH2(CH3)CH3 = CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(CH3)CH3CH3 = CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3 = CH3(Cl)CH2(Br)(Br)CH2(CH3)CH2 =

  12. Homework: • Set up lab notebook (Aspirin) • Complete 1-10 of Organic Packet (on separate sheet of paper) • Type-o in #7: Should end in CH2not CH3

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