Which of the following is true about the process of encoding?

1. LO 6.1 Which of the following is true about the process of encoding? It holds information in memory for some time. It involves accessing information in memory for use. It involves transforming information from one form to another in order for it to get into a particular part of memory. It is limited to only converting sensory information into signals for the brain to use. The length of time that is involved in this process may vary greatly, anywhere from a couple of seconds to permanently.

2. LO 6.1 Which of the following is true about the process of encoding? It holds information in memory for some time. It involves accessing information in memory for use. It involves transforming information from one form to another in order for it to get into a particular part of memory. (p. 210) It is limited to only converting sensory information into signals for the brain to use. The length of time that is involved in this process may vary greatly, anywhere from a couple of seconds to permanently.

3. LO 6.3 Using the partial report technique, Sperling discovered that this part of memory has a duration of only half a second. • Echoic memory • Iconic memory • Short term memory • Working memory • Semantic memory

4. LO 6.3 Using the partial report technique, Sperling discovered that this part of memory has a duration of only half a second. • Echoic memory • Iconic memory (p. 214-215) • Short term memory • Working memory • Semantic memory

5. LO 6.4 The part of memory that has a capacity of about 7 items and whose duration can be increased through techniques such as maintenance rehearsal and chunking is called: • long term memory. • sensory memory. • iconic memory. • echoic memory. • working memory.

6. LO 6.4 The part of memory that has a capacity of about 7 items and whose duration can be increased through techniques such as maintenance rehearsal and chunking is called: • long term memory. • sensory memory. • iconic memory. • echoic memory. • working memory. (p. 215-216)

7. LO 6.6 Knowledge of who the first person to travel on the moon was is probably stored in: • episodic memory. • semantic memory. • implicit memory. • procedural memory. • short term memory.

8. LO 6.6 Knowledge of who the first person to travel on the moon was is probably stored in: • episodic memory. • semantic memory. (p. 221) • implicit memory. • procedural memory. • short term memory.

9. LO 6.7 Verification of the statement “a beagle is a dog” is much faster than verification of the statement “a beagle is an animal” according to what model? • Semantic network • Parallel distributed processing • Levels of processing • Elaborative rehearsal • Cocktail party effect

10. LO 6.7 Verification of the statement “a beagle is a dog” is much faster than verification of the statement “a beagle is an animal” according to what model? • Semantic network (p. 223) • Parallel distributed processing • Levels of processing • Elaborative rehearsal • Cocktail party effect

11. LO 6.8 According to __________________, a student will do better on a psychology test if he or she takes the test in the same room as they learned material. • serial position effect • primacy effect • encoding specificity effect • state dependent learning • recency effect

12. LO 6.8 According to __________________, a student will do better on a psychology test if he or she takes the test in the same room as they learned material. • serial position effect • primacy effect • encoding specificity effect (p. 224-225) • state dependent learning • recency effect

13. LO 6.9 Which of the following is NOT an example of recall? • Answering an essay question on an English test • Remembering a friend’s name when asked by another person • Answering a question on a multiple choice test correctly • Remembering where you placed your car keys • Filling in the blanks of information on a college application.

14. LO 6.9 Which of the following is NOT an example of recall? • Answering an essay question on an English test • Remembering a friend’s name when asked by another person • Answering a question on a multiple choice test correctly (p. 226) • Remembering where you placed your car keys • Filling in the blanks of information on a college application.

15. LO 6.8 When a student is read a list of digits and asked to recall them, she remembers the first items on the list much better than the items in the middle of the list due to: • Recency effect • Automatic encoding • Flashbulb memories • Primacy effect • Encoding specificity

16. LO 6.8 When a student is read a list of digits and asked to recall them, she remembers the first items on the list much better than the items in the middle of the list due to: • Recency effect • Automatic encoding • Flashbulb memories • Primacy effect (p. 226) • Encoding specificity

17. LO 6.11 Which of the following is NOT true of flashbulb memories? • They occur when an unexpected event occurs in a person’s life. • The usually have strong emotional associations. • They are usually very accurate. • They appear to be very vivid to the person. • They usually occur due to automatic encoding.

18. LO 6.11 Which of the following is NOT true of flashbulb memories? • They occur when an unexpected event occurs in a person’s life. • The usually have strong emotional associations. • They are usually very accurate. (p. 229-230) • They appear to be very vivid to the person. • They usually occur due to automatic encoding.

19. LO 6.13 One problem with courtroom testimony is that lawyers might phrase a question as to influence a person’s recall of a crime scene. This may be referred to as the: • Hindsight bias • Misinformation effect • Forgetting curve • Encoding failure • False feedback

20. LO 6.13 One problem with courtroom testimony is that lawyers might phrase a question as to influence a person’s recall of a crime scene. This may be referred to as the: • Hindsight bias • Misinformation effect (p. 231-232) • Forgetting curve • Encoding failure • False feedback

21. LO 6.15 According to research on Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve: • Forgetting is slow at first, but then speeds up as time goes on. • The amount of forgetting that occurs is not influenced by the amount of time after a list of words is learned. • Forgetting is faster for meaningful words than nonsense syllables. • Forgetting is very rapid within the first few hours of learning, but then decreases gradually. • Forgetting is greatest when the environment in which a list of words was learned is different than the environment in which it is tested.

22. LO 6.15 According to research on Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve: • Forgetting is slow at first, but then speeds up as time goes on. • The amount of forgetting that occurs is not influenced by the amount of time after a list of words is learned. • Forgetting is faster for meaningful words than nonsense syllables. • Forgetting is very rapid within the first few hours of learning, but then decreases gradually. (p. 234) • Forgetting is greatest when the environment in which a list of words was learned is different than the environment in which it is tested.

23. LO 6.15 A young girl does not remember how to play a piece of music on her saxophone because she never really paid close attention to the music when she was first learning the piece. This is an example of what theory of forgetting? • Proactive interference • Decay • Disuse • Retroactive interference • Encoding failure

24. LO 6.15 A young girl does not remember how to play a piece of music on her saxophone because she never really paid close attention to the music when she was first learning the piece. This is an example of what theory of forgetting? • Proactive interference • Decay • Disuse • Retroactive interference • Encoding failure (p. 235)

25. LO 6.15 Julie first learned French, then she learned Spanish. However, she finds that often times when she speaks French, Spanish words seem to creep in. This is an example of _______________. • retroactive interference • proactive interference • memory trace • constructive processing • levels of processing

26. LO 6.15 Julie first learned French, then she learned Spanish. However, she finds that often times when she speaks French, Spanish words seem to creep in. This is an example of _______________. • retroactive interference (p. 236) • proactive interference • memory trace • constructive processing • levels of processing

27. LO 6.16 The area of the brain that is responsible for the process of consolidation, which occurs after learning takes place, is called: • Amygdala • Hypothalamus • Hippocampus • Thalamus • Frontal lobe

28. LO 6.16 The area of the brain that is responsible for the process of consolidation, which occurs after learning takes place, is called: • Amygdala • Hypothalamus • Hippocampus (p. 237-238) • Thalamus • Frontal lobe

29. LO 6.18 The onset of this brain disease occurs when a person starts to show symptoms of memory loss that gradually increase in severity over time, and it is the third leading cause of death in late adulthood. • Anterograde amnesia • Retrograde amnesia • Infantile amnesia • Alzheimer’s disease • Parkinson’s disease

30. LO 6.18 The onset of this brain disease occurs when a person starts to show symptoms of memory loss, that gradually increase in severity over time, and it is the third leading cause of death in late adulthood. • Anterograde amnesia • Retrograde amnesia • Infantile amnesia • Alzheimer’s disease (p. 239-240) • Parkinson’s disease