POETRY

1. POETRY

2. POETRY • A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

3. POET The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem. POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY

4. VERSE – a line of writing arranged in a poem LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem STANZA - a group of lines(verses) arranged together A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just Begins to live That day. POETRY FORM

5. RHYTHM • The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem • Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

6. Words sound alike because they share the same vowel or consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound RHYME

7. END RHYME • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

8. INTERNAL RHYME • A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. • Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. • From “The Raven” • by Edgar Allan Poe

9. a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH ROSE LOSE Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound) Share the same consonant sound NEAR RHYME

10. RHYME SCHEME • A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). • Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

11. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME • The Germ by Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

12. ONOMATOPOEIA • Words that imitate the sound they are naming • BUZZ • OR sounds that imitate another sound • “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of • each purple curtain . . .”

13. ALLITERATION • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

14. CONSONANCE • Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . . • The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words • “silken,sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

15. ASSONANCE • Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. • (Often creates near rhyme.) • Lake Fate Base Fade • (All share the long “a” sound.)

16. ASSONANCE cont. Examples of ASSONANCE: “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.” • John Masefield “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.” - William Shakespeare

17. Repetition • Words are repeated • Sounds are repeated • Lines are repeated “I looked upon the rotting sea, And drew my eyes away; I looked upon the rotting deck, And there the dead men lay.” -Coleridge

18. SOME TYPES OF POETRYWE WILL BE STUDYING

19. LYRIC • A short poem • Usually written in first person point of view • Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene • Do not tell a story and are often musical • (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

20. Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Does NOT have rhyme. Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you. A more modern type of poetry. FREE VERSE POETRY

21. Ballad • Old style of writing poetry, which was used to tell stories. • Usually has stanzas made up of either seven or eight or ten lines, and ends with a short four or five line stanza. • Each stanza ends with the same line Oh the ocean waves may roll, And the stormy winds may blow, While we poor sailors go skipping aloft And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below And the land lubbers lay down below. ~Unknown author

22. Elegy • A sad poem, especially mourning loss or death • For example: Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear,Compels me to disturb your season due:For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime,Young Lycidas, and hath not left his peer ~ John Milton (Lycidas)

23. A Japanese poem written in three lines Five Syllables Seven Syllables Five Syllables An old silent pond . . . A frog jumps into the pond. Splash! Silence again. HAIKU

24. A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

25. FIGURATIVELANGUAGE

26. SIMILE • A comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.” • “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

27. METAPHOR • A direct comparison of two unlike things • “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” - William Shakespeare

28. Hyperbole • Exaggeration often used for emphasis.

29. Idiom • An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says. • Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.

30. An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky. The run down house was depressed. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door. The bees played hide and seek with the flowers as they buzzed from one to another. PERSONIFICATION

31. OTHERPOETIC DEVICES

32. When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace SYMBOLISM

33. IMAGERY • Language that appeals to the senses. • Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . . from “Those Winter Sundays”

34. TONE • The author’s attitude toward the subject • The author will reveal his/her opinion using word choice and language • Tone must be inferred through the use of descriptive words

35. TONE EXAMPLE: The girls were playing in the pond, splashing each other and trying to catch fish with their hands. They were having fun, but kept looking over their shoulders at the looming forest. The long grass of the field kept moving and they sort of felt like they were being watched… About a half hour passed and still the girls kept checking the field for movements. It seemed like a pair of dark eyes was on them. They even considered going back inside, but that would mean homework time. So they continued splashing, but with caution now. Their eyes hardly left the field. What do you think the tone is?

36. ANSWER: • Ominous…fear • Adjectives like caution, dark, and looming lead readers to the tone

37. Practice Donovan and Larry were early for baseball practice. They decided to run up and down the bleachers to exercise before the rest of the team arrived. Larry was first to the top. He whispered to Donovan, “Look over there.” He pointed to a man sleeping on the highest, narrow bench of the bleachers. His pants and shirt were faded, worn, and too large for his thin frame. One big toe stuck out of a huge hole in his sock. His scraped-up shoes sat a few feet away. Donovan whispered, “We should help him out. Let’s hide something good in his shoes. Then, when he wakes up, he will have a nice surprise.”

38. How would you describe the tone [attitude] of this author? • Angry • Detached • Sympathetic

39. MOOD • MOOD is the overall feelings or emotions that are created IN THE READER. • Authors “move” their readers’ moods through their choice of words and level of detail.

40. MOOD Continued.. During the holidays, my mother's house glittered with decorations and hummed with preparations. We ate cookies and drank cider while we helped her wrap bright packages and trim the tree. We felt warm and excited, listening to Christmas carols and even singing along sometimes. We would tease each other about our terrible voices and then sing even louder.

41. Answer.. • Mood: Content, happy. How do we know? Words like "warm, excited, glittered” are used by the author.

42. Now you try… • After New Year's the time came to put all the decorations away and settle in for the long, cold winter. The house seemed to sigh as we boxed up its finery. The tree was dry and brittle, and now waited forlornly by the side of the road to be picked up.