Unit2

1. Unit2 FruitfulQuestions

2. Who Doesn’t Belong?

3. Who Doesn’t Belong?

4. What Doesn’t Belong?

6. What does not belong ?

7. Sesame Street Before Reading_3

8. Sesame Street is an educational American children’s television series designed for preschoolers, and is recognized as a pioneer of the contemporary standard which combines education and entertainment in children’s television shows.

9. It is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop, and broadcasted on November 10, 1969. Because of its positive influence, Sesame Street has earned the distinction of being the foremost and most highly regarded educator of children in the world.

10. Nicholas Copernicus(1473-1543) Polish astronomer ＆mathematician who held the view that the Earth and the other planets all travel in circles around the Sun.

11. his great workDeRevolutionibus

12. Before Reading_5 Häagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus

13. Reuben Mattus,a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest ice cream, worked in his mother’s ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse drawn wagon in the bustling streets of the Bronx, New York. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest, purest ingredients.

14. The family business grew and prospered throughout the 1930s, 40s and 50s, and by 1961 Mr. Mattus decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision. He called his new brandHäagen-Dazs, to convey an aura氛围 of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship to which he remained dedicated

15. Häagen-Dazs started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. But Mr. Mattus’ passion for quality soon took him to the four corners of the globe.

16. The Häagen-Dazs brand quickly developed a loyal following. Then in 1976, Mr. Mattus’ daughter Doris opened the first Häagen-Dazs shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Häagen-Dazs shops across the country.

17. Edward Jenner • an English country doctor who pioneeredvaccination • He was born on May 17, 1749 in the small village

18. In the eighteenth century, before Jenner, smallpox was a killer disease, as widespread as cancer or heart diseases in the twentieth century but with the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children.

19. Jenner’s discovery in 1796 that vaccination with cowpox gaveimmunity (免疫) to smallpox, was an immense medical breakthrough and has saved countless lives. In 1980, as a result of Jenner’s discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared “the world and its peoples” free from endemic smallpox.

20. Global Reading • 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 Questions and Answers For Part 2Table Completion For Part 3True or False For Part 4 Discussion

21. Part Division of the Text • Part1(1~5 ) The author’s children teach him about paradigm shifts. • Part1(6~8 ) • Three examples of shifting old paradigms in history. • Part1(9~12) • The importance of shifting old paradigms. • Part1(13 ) The author encourages people to look at information in a new way.

22. Questions and Answers 1. What were the author and his children playing that night? “What Doesn’t Belong?” based on the Sesame Street game. 2. What was the question the father put to his children? What doesn’t belong, an orange, a tomato or a strawberry?

23. 3. What was the oldest child’s answer to the question? And what did the father think of his answer? The oldest child’s answer was that tomato doesn’t belong because it was not fruit and his father thought it was a right answer.

24. 4. What answers did his 4-year-old and his 6-year-old children give? His 4-year-old chose strawberry because the other two were round and strawberry wasn’t, while the 6-year-old believed that orange didn’t belong because the other two were red.

25. 5. Why did the 9-year-old and the middle one add to the answers? Because they did not want to be outdone by their siblings.

26. Part 2 Examples Copernicus • He placed the sun at the center of the universe, readjusting the centuries-old paradigm of Earth-centered system. • Reuben Mattus He renamed his Bronx ice cream Häagen -Dazs and raised the price without changing the product.

27. Edward Jenner He discovered a vaccination for smallpox by abandoning his quest for a cure.

28. Part 3 True or False 1 If the game “what doesn’t belong?” had been a workbook exercise in school, each choice of the kids would have been acceptable. • F If the game “what doesn’t belong?” had been a workbook exercise in school, every kid who didn’t circle tomato would have been marked wrong.

29. Almost all of the world’s most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school. F Many of the world’s most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school. 3 Only if we shift our paradigms and refocus our parameters can we take the great advantage of the super information highway. T

30. 4Edward Jenner discovered a vaccination for smallpox by accumulating and uncovering more information. • F • Edward Jenner didn’t invent preventive medicine by accumulating information; but by reframing the question

31. 5 Copernicus didn’t do anything more Earth-shattering than completely change the way the universe was viewed. F Copernicus didn’t do anything less Earth-shattering than completely change the way the universe was viewed.

32. 6 The key point is not the lack of information because what we need is not more information but new ways of looking at it. • T

33. Detailed Reading • 1shift: • ① n. A. a change in the way people think about something, in the way something is done,etc. • e.g. For most city dwellers, it is a welcome shift from town to country life.

34. B. if workers in a factory, hospital, etc. work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working • e.g. He is on the night shift this week.

35. ② v. move from one place or position to another, or make something do this • Don’t try to shift the responsibility onto me. • The wind has shifted from north to south. • 人们逐渐从乡村转向了城市。 • People gradually shift from the country to the town.

36. Collocations: • shift the blame / responsibility onto (somebody) • shift one’s ground • shift for oneself自谋生计

37. c.f. move, shift, transfer & remove这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。 • move 普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转移。 • It was calm and not a leaf moved. • shift 侧重位置与方向的改变。 • The cargo has shifted by the movement of the ship.

38. transfer 一般表示转送或移交迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调等。 • The head office has been transferred from Shanghai to Beijing. • remove 作“移动”解时，与move可换用，其内涵较窄，多指从某处移走不要的东西；还可指撤职或开除学藉等。 • Please remove your bag from the seat so that I can sit down.

39. 2 linear: adj. consisting of lines; or in the form of a straight line • The thinking pattern of westerners is linear, while Chinese thinking pattern is circular. • How beautiful the vase is with a linear design!

40. 3 belong: • be a member of a group or organization; be related to sth. or form part of it; if sth. belongs to someone, they own it • Which club do you belong to? • The properties belong to my aunt now • belong to • belong in归类于；应该在某处

41. 4 deliver: v. • 1) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc.) to the places or people they are addressed • The parcel was delivered to my door. • A postman is a man employed to deliver letters and parcels. • 2) make a speech, etc. to a lot of people • She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society.

42. 3) do or provide the things you are expected to, because you are responsible for them or they are part of your job • If you can’t deliver improved sales figure, you’ll be fired. • 你认为政府会履行减税的诺言吗？ • Do you think the government will deliver the promised tax cuts?

43. 5 smug: adj. showing too much satisfaction with your own cleverness or success — used to show disapproval; self-satisfied • He led a life of smug respectability. • He is unbearably smug about getting into university. • 他的脸上露出自鸣得意的微笑。 • A smug smile reveals on his face.

44. 6 purist: n. someone who believes that sth. should be done in the correct or traditional way, especially in the areas of art, sport, music, and language • Purists were shocked by the changes made to the text of the play. • She’s a terrible purist about language.

45. 7 argue: v. • 1) disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way • We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. • 2) state or give clear reasons that sth. is true, should be done, etc. • He was arguing that poverty may be a blessing. • It could be argued that sending men to the moon is a waste of money.

46. 3) persuade sb. to do or not to do something • They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. • Pattern: • argue with sb. about / over sth. • argue for / against • argue sb. into / out of doing sth.

47. 8 outdo: v. be better or more successful than someone else at doing sth. • She determined to outdo her brother at work and games. • 为了不让别人胜过自己，他又试一次。 • Not to be outdone, he tried again. • out 通常放在名词的前面表示“外面”或“外部”的意思 outdoors, outhouse • out 通常放在动词的前面表示“超过”或“超越”的意思。 • Women in this age group outnumber men by three to one. • When he retired he felt he had outlived his usefulness.

48. 9 abandon: v. • 1) leave a ship because it is sinking • The sailors were ordered to abandon the sinking ship. • 2) stop doing sth. because there are too many problems and it is impossible to continue • The match was abandoned because of bad weather. • We urge people who smoke to abandon the habit.

49. 9 quest: • n. a long search for sth. that is difficult to find; trying to find or get sth. • She had come in quest of advice. • The quest for selfhood was always the theme for women writers.

50. 10 cure: • n. a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness go away; sth. that solves a problem, or improves a bad situation • The doctor cannot guarantee a cure. • What is the cure for the plight of the homeless? • 癌症迄今为止有无有效的治疗方法？ • Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?