Global architecture

1. Global architecture/architecture in Global Cities This powerpoint at http://www.journalinks.nl/GC.ppt Literature for finals: http://www.journalinks.nl/GC.htm

2. Lecture Global movements in architecture Cities today (Local) reactions

3. Global Movements 1 The Roman Empire

4. Architecture always SIGNS something, it talks: About political power About religion About ideology

5. The Pantheon is a TEMPLE, it a based on GREEK temple architecture ? “by acknowledging the Greek, we are as noble as they were”

7. Global Movements 2 Christianity

9. Architecture and the PLACE where it is built always SIGNS something, it talks Gothic architecture signs: “we, the Church, are in the heart of society and we are closest to God”

10. Global Movements 3 Colonialism: neo-classicism end 18th cent

13. (Colonial) classical architecture SIGNS: We are the political power Our ideology, which is like a religion rules the world

16. Global Movements 4 Industrial Revolution New artefacts: factories, railwaystations, officebuildings

21. Beginning 20th Cent Need for city-planning because of increasing traffic and full cities by immigration from the countryside Slightly hysteric ‘spirit of the time’ (Zeitgeist) cried out for a NEW style for a NEW and MODERN age! ?

22. Global Movements 5towards an international style Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne CIAM 1928-1956: City-planning Architecture

23. CIAM about architecture: Functionalism Less is more: no decoration New technologies: glass, steel, concrete Mass-production

24. Town Planning CIAM 1933 Athens Charter “The Functional City” Highrise functional blocks for living Zoned cities Green belts

25. Modern architecture SIGNS: There should not be a hierarchical order: not in cities, not on the building itself: religion, power and ideology are over Modern architecture will make people happy and good

26. World War II World hegemony symbolized in architecture: like the architecture in the Holy Roman Empire (1st Reich): classical the first Reich was the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages; the second, the one established by Bismarck and ended by Germany's defeat in 1918. the first Reich was the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages; the second, the one established by Bismarck and ended by Germany's defeat in 1918.

30. In 1670, the Sun King decided to build this "hotel" to house disabled soldiers. Tomb 1842In 1670, the Sun King decided to build this "hotel" to house disabled soldiers. Tomb 1842

32. After World War II

34. He was the same architect that built the WTC in New York, and also: Dhahran International Airport in Saudi Arabia The irony of Global ArchitectureThe irony of Global Architecture

35. The Modern Era ‘ended’ in 1972: the architecture only signed: poverty, of people and of ideas .....according to the world famous critic Charles Jencks Ended the second time 9/11 2001Ended the second time 9/11 2001

37. 1972

38. Cities today: global cities Centre: devoid of people: Offices, banks, shopping-malls, museums, hotels, restaurants, name-brand stores, fitness centers, multi-screen cinemas = corporate/financial = Global Cities

39. Urban sprawl: Stadium-areas, new corporate areas outside the cities: Zuid-as Amsterdam. Extended cities with satellite towns, also known as agglomeration: Zuid-as and Almere, Randstad Interconnected cities, economic link Tokyo and London

40.  Competition among cities: highest 2 skyscrapers and buildings by famous architects Power is with captalism, religion has disappeared completely Capitalism is international emporis

42. Reaction: Culture Jamming adbusters sniggle reclaim the media social activism Reclaim the streets 2

43. Downside Western culture hegemony: new colonialism Contrast rich and poor:

45. Global cities Corporate power ? architecture & urban planning For the first time in human history most of us live in cities: many in desperate conditions. In 2005, an estimated total of 1 billion people were living in slums worldwide – about a third of the world’s total urban population.