Chapter 13.2 The Rise of the City-States

1. Chapter 13.2The Rise of the City-States

2. Anticipatory Set • When I was little, I always used to play pretend. • In my pretend world I always was the ruler of a huge empire or city. I would do anything to make my citizens happy and the world would be bliss • City-states arose in Greece where the thoughts of the people became important

3. Standards • H-SS 6.4.1 • Discuss the connections between geography and the development of city-states in the region of the Aegean Sea, including patterns of trade and commerce among the Greek city-states and within the wider Mediterranean region. • E-LA Reading 6.1.3 • Recognize the origins and meanings of frequently used foreign words in English and use these words accurately in speaking and writing.

4. Language of the Discipline • Monarchy • Agamemnon • Homer • Politics • Acropolis • Aristocrat

5. Early History of Greece(Input) • Greek speaking people began to migrate into the Greek Peninsula from the north • Over time small kingdoms began to arise cross Greece • The most important of the new kingdoms was Mycenae on the Peloponnesian Peninsula. It was the first civilization in mainland Greece

6. The Mycenaean's (Input) • In 1600 B.C. the Mycenaean civilization developed and were ruled by monarchies, or governments headed by a king or queen. • They left written records and preserved many. • One of the leaders was Agamemnon, a great Mycenaean king. • The people lived mainly by trade • Fine bronze weapons • Painted pottery

7. Agamemnon (Input)

8. The Mycenaean’s (Input) • Goods were traded for • Copper • Ivory • Luxury goods • They also raided other lands for gold and other goods • Kingdoms eventually grew weak and Dorian invaders destroyed much of the Mycenaean cities

9. The Dark Age (Input) • The Dorians also spoke Greek but their culture was less advanced • Under the Dorians the Greek went into the Dark Age and the Greeks were left without a strong government • Not all Mycenaean culture was lost, but some of them fled to the shore of the Aegean Sea in a place called Ionia • The effect of migration turned the Aegean Sea in to a transportation system

10. The Trojan War • The Greeks at Ionia preserved stories about the Mycenaeans • The most famous legends were about the Trojan War • The war began with a prince named Paris from the Ionian city of Troy • Paris kidnapped a beautiful queen from Sparta known as Helen of Troy • This angered the Greeks and Agamemnon led a 10 year war against Troy • Legends of this war were kept alive by Homer, a blind poet. • He traveled from town to town, singing ancient stories that were written down in the Iliad and the Odyssey.

11. Tales of Troy (Input) • Homer’s Iliad tells the story of Achilles. • A Greek hero who was almost destroyed the Greek cause when he was treated unfairly and refused to to fight. • Other poets tell about the Trojan horse • A huge wooden horse built by the Greeks to trick the Trojans • The Greeks pretended to sail away from Troy leaving the horse behind as a gift. • The Greek soldiers were hiding in the horse while Troy slept • They crept out, opened the city gates, and destroyed Troy • The Odyssey describes the adventures of Odysseus on his journey after the war.

12. The Trojan War (Input)

13. The Impact of Homer (Input) • The Iliad and the Odyssey has a huge impact on Greek culture • The values of the stories became a part of Greek identity • Greek values include • Courage • Honor • Family • Loyalty • Cleverness • Ambition • Bravery • Strength

14. The Greek City-States (Input) • When Homer’s poems were written down, Greece came out of the Dark Age • New city-states were emerging and kings were lost after people migrated to Ionia. • Independent cities began to be run by ordinary citizens • The Greek city-state was called polis (derives from politics) • Politics is the art of practice of government • It is based of off the Greek notion that the people who live in a place can work together and make decisions on key issues that affect them • This made Greek society unique

15. The Greek City-States (Input)

16. Features of the Polis (Input) • The polis consisted of a main city and its surrounding villages and countryside • The area and population of polis was definitely small which helped made group decisions possible • The Polis was built on two levels • On the high hill stood the acropolis, or upper part of the city • Public buildings and marble temples were located here • People gathered to discuss • Public affair • Protection during attack

17. Features of the Polis (Input) • The government was based on a code of laws from the community • Not everyone participated in making laws but women, slaves, and foreigners, were all excluded from decision making. • Wealthy aristocrats held the most power • At first the ruler of a polis was a king but power began to move to the aristocrats • Aristocracy means “rule by the best people” • Aristocrats who ran the city-states were mostly upper class, wealthy landowners.

18. Power in the Polis (Input) • The pride and loyalty that citizens felt toward their city • Greek identity reflected the values of honor and manhood • The Greek believed that a “good” man should be willing to sacrifice for his city, defend its interest, and die for polis if necessary. • Greeks identified themselves with their city. • “The polis was the framework of Greek life”

19. Check for Understanding • Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. • Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. • On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

20. Checking for Understanding #1 • What type of government did the Mycenaean's kingdoms rule by? • Monarchies

21. Checking for Understanding #2 • What is the name of the famous war the Ionians preserved as a legend? • The Trojan War

22. Checking for Understanding #3 • What was different in a polis than a monarchy? • The citizens came together and made decisions

23. Guided Practice/Independent Practice • Guided Practice • Complete questions 1 - 3 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. • If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. • Independent Practice • Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 4 and 5 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Homework • Note-taking guide on the reverse side.