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Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)

Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5). Carbon Cycle Cloud Life Cycle Aerosol Life Cycle. Presented by Scot Martin (Harvard) o n behalf of Brazil and USA partners April 2013 BNL MAOS Meeting. Climate Ecosystems Atmospheric Composition.

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Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)

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  1. Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Carbon Cycle Cloud Life Cycle Aerosol Life Cycle Presented by Scot Martin (Harvard) on behalf of Brazil and USA partners April 2013 BNL MAOS Meeting Climate Ecosystems Atmospheric Composition

  2. Site Location 500 km

  3. NO2 Outflow from Manausin Aug 2010 observed by OMI Acknowledgments: Jun Wang, Univ. Nebraska

  4. A little bit of information about Manaus: As Hawaii is to the Blue Ocean so Manaus is to the Green Ocean (within poetic license) Population for the metropolitan region of Manaus: 2002/2009 Acknowledgments: Rodrigo Souza, UEA

  5. Manaus: Vehicle Fleet 2010 • FUEL MIX: • tractor, truck and bus: almost 100% diesel • -car and bikes : > 60% gasoline (*) • (*) Ethanol price is very high in Manaus and gasoline is preferred by the consumer. Acknowledgments: Rodrigo Souza, UEA

  6. Manaus: Power Plant 2009: Fuel Oil Hydropower Oils of different grades PTE - óleoleve "Para TurbinaElétrica" PGE - óleocombustível "Para GeradorElétrico" OCA-1 = Óleo Combustível com Alto teor de enxofre = Fuel Oil with High Sulfur Acknowledgments: Rodrigo Souza, UEA

  7. Reference: Kuhn, U.; Ganzeveld, L.; Thielmann, A.; Dindorf, T.; Welling, M.; Sciare, J.; Roberts, G.; Meixner, F. X.; Kesselmeier, J.; Lelieveld, J.; Ciccioli, P.; Kolle, O.; Lloyd, J.; Trentmann, J.; Artaxo, P.; Andreae, M. O., “Impact of Manaus City on the Amazon Green Ocean atmosphere: Ozone production, precursor sensitivity, and aerosol load,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 9251-9282.

  8. Downwind of Manaus • 111 by 60.8 km represented by this box. • Wind speeds at 1 km altitude are typically 10 to 30 kph. • T2→T3 transit time of 2 to 6 hr.

  9. Reference: Kuhn, U.; Ganzeveld, L.; Thielmann, A.; Dindorf, T.; Welling, M.; Sciare, J.; Roberts, G.; Meixner, F. X.; Kesselmeier, J.; Lelieveld, J.; Ciccioli, P.; Kolle, O.; Lloyd, J.; Trentmann, J.; Artaxo, P.; Andreae, M. O., “Impact of Manaus City on the Amazon Green Ocean atmosphere: Ozone production, precursor sensitivity, and aerosol load,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10, 9251-9282.

  10. Downwind of Manaus The deployment site is situated in the steady trade winds such that it experiences the extremes of: (i) a pristine atmosphere when the Manaus pollution plume meanders; and (ii) heavy pollution and the interactions of that pollution with the natural environment when the plume regularly intersects the site. Reminder: GoAmazon2014/5 Theme: What is the effect of pollution on… these cycles and the coupling among them?

  11. Dates of GoAmazon2014/5 • AMF Operations (T3 ground site) • 1 January until 31 December 2015 • AAF Operations (aircraft) • 15 February until 26 March 2014 (wet season) (75 hrs) • 1 September until 10 October 2014 (dry season) (75 hrs) • Aircraft operations correspond to the two intensive operating periodsplanned for the experiment.

  12. 18 March 2013, T3

  13. 7 legs. Based off of T-1 site Oriented 90 degrees from T-1 to T-3 line S02 51.11 W060 02.07 S02 55.68 W060 25.66 S02 53.39 W060 13.86 73 nm 274/094 magnetic S02 58.21 W060 38.74 S03 00.50 W060 50.54 S03 02.70 W061 01.83 S03 04.78 W061 13.66 S03 20.55 W059 56.33 30 nm 004/184 magnetic S03 22.84 W060 08.13 S03 25.13 W060 19.92 S03 27.66 W060 33.01 S03 29.95 W060 44.81 12 nm 274/094 magnetic S03 32.24 W060 56.61 S03 34.32 W061 08.44 Flight Plan #7 1:35 to complete one pattern. IARA – Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia

  14. LBA: A Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) Main research foci: • The changing environment of Amazonia • Environmental sustainability and the sustainability of current terrestrial and aquatic production systems • Variability and changes in climatic and hydrologic systems – feedback, adaptation and mitigation Integrated and interdisciplinary investigations: Yellow: multi-scale physico-chemical interactions at biosphere-atmosphere interface; Red: physico-chemico-biological processes inaquaticandterrestrialecosystemsandtheirinteractions; Blue: the social dimensionsofenvironmentalchangeandthedynamicsoflandcoverchange Acknowledgments: Laszlo Nagy, INPA/LBA

  15. AMAZE08: Dominance of Secondary Organic Material in Submicron Particles OH NO3 O3 1. SEM 2. AMS O:C of 0.4 to 0.5, consistent with chamber SOA particles 4. AMS Similarity of measured mass spectra to those chamber SOA particles 5. AMS Absence of features for PBAPs 3. CCN Measured CCN activity accurately predicted using κorganic,SOA from lab results

  16. The chemistry can be completely shifted under anthropogenic influences… NOx concentration, SO2/H2SO4 particles HO2 ROOH NO2 ROONO2 RO· O2 OH NO RH R· ROO· RONO2 RO2

  17. GoAmazon2014 Science Topics • Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation: Interactions of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Emissions • Key Scientific Questions: • What are the chemical and physical processes of anthropogenic-biogenic interactions that affect the production of SOA? • What are the influences of revised BVOC oxidation mechanisms (especially isoprene) on SOA production? • What are the effects of urban emissions of NOx, VOCs, SO2 and H2SO4 formation on SOA production in an otherwise natural region?

  18. GoAmazon2014 Science Topics • Influence of the Manaus Pollution Plume on Aerosol Microphysics: Particle Size Distributions, Optical Properties, and Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Activity • Key Scientific Questions: • Why is there an absence of new particle formation in pristine Amazon at ground level, and what is the influence of Manaus pollution plume on new particle formation? • What is the influence of the Manaus pollution plume on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities of the aerosol particles and the secondary organic material in the particles? • What is the influence of the Manaus pollution plume on the aerosol optical properties?

  19. GoAmazon2014 Science Topics • Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) Emissions and Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Production, Recycling, and Loss • Key Scientific Questions: • How do BVOC emissions impact HOx chemistry in the unpolluted Amazon environment? • How are BVOC emissions in the Amazon changing and what impact will that have on HOx chemistry? • How do anthropogenic emissions modify the impact of BVOC emission on HOx chemistry in Amazon?

  20. Seasonal Particle Number Concentration Source: Luciana Rizzo and Paulo Artaxo, private communication

  21. Submicron Number-Diameter Distributions Climate-Active Size Fraction Wet Season Data of E. Swietlicki presented in S.T. Martin, M.O. Andreae, D. Althausen, P. Artaxo, H. Baars, S. Borrmann, Q. Chen, D.K. Farmer, A. Guenther, S. Gunthe, J.L. Jimenez, T. Karl, K. Longo, A. Manzi, T. Pauliquevis, M. Petters, A. Prenni, U. Pöschl, L.V. Rizzo, J. Schneider, J.N. Smith, E. Swietlicki, J. Tota, J. Wang, A. Wiedensohler, S.R. Zorn, "An Overview of the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2008 (AMAZE-08)," Atmospheric Chemistry Physics, 2010, 10, 11415-11438

  22. Normalized Size Distributions: Polluted and Clean Conditions Source: S. Martin, J. Wang, R. Souza, P. Artaxo, Y. Ishida, J. Jimenez, private communication

  23. Two Brazil-side containers (FAPEAM) being outfitted with assistance from LANL

  24. MAOS

  25. Join this Google group to receive email from PI: http://groups.google.com/group/GoAmazon2014 Websites: DOE maintained: http://campaign.arm.gov/goamazon2014/. See there a workshop report of July 2011. PI maintained: http://www.seas.harvard.edu/environmental-chemistry/GoAmazon2014/

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