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Lee Xuan Hong, Chua Tsao Harn, Lim Shengyuan , Matthe w Woo

Lee Xuan Hong, Chua Tsao Harn, Lim Shengyuan , Matthe w Woo. What?. Equal opportunity employment measures which are legally required to adopt Intended to prevent discrimination against employees on the basis of colour, sex, religion or nationality.

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Lee Xuan Hong, Chua Tsao Harn, Lim Shengyuan , Matthe w Woo

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  1. Lee Xuan Hong, Chua Tsao Harn, Lim Shengyuan, Matthew Woo

  2. What? • Equal opportunity employment measures which are legally required to adopt • Intended to prevent discrimination against employees on the basis of colour, sex, religion or nationality. • Done in schools and workplaces throughout the world

  3. Brief History Outcome of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement in USA

  4. Brief History • Intended to provide equal opportunities for minority groups and women in education and employment

  5. Brief History • First coined by President Kennedy in 1961 • Executive Order that directed government contractors to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin”

  6. Case Studies United States of America Malaysia

  7. United States of America Hispanic Americans African Americans

  8. United States of America • In 1965, African Americans made up: • 5% of undergraduates • 2% of medical students • 1%of law students

  9. United States of America • President Lyndon Johnson, an advocate, signed an Executive Order in 1965 that required government contractors to use affirmative action policies to increase the no. of minority employees

  10. United States of America • Thereafter, universities began adopting similar recruitment policies • Enrolment rates for Hispanic and African American students increased steadily

  11. United States of America • But despite efforts to bridge the gap, it is still present in college enrolment • According to data from the National Center on Education Statistics (NCES)in 2007: • 70% of White high school graduates immediately enrolled in college • 56% of African American graduates • 61% of Hispanic graduates.

  12. United States of America • Nevertheless, • Harvard University, Brown University, the University of Chicago, Dartmouth College, Duke University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University joined together in 2003 to voice their support for the continued use of race-conscious admissions programmes.

  13. United States of America • More than 60 leading Fortune 500 companies • Including 3M, Coca-Cola, General Electric, HP, Intel, Johnson & Johnson, Kraft Foods, Microsoft, Nike, Pepsi, P&G, Reebok, and Xerox came out in support of affirmative action in 2003.

  14. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8JEybbei60

  15. Debate : affirmative action

  16. Pros of A.A. • Creates more diverse campuses, which better prepares all students for life after school • Equal opportunities for everyone • Removes cyclical disadvantage of discrimination • Graduates who benefitted from these programs say that they have received better jobs, earned more money, and ultimately are living better lives because of the opportunity they received.

  17. Cons of A.A. • Schools relax their academic standards to admit more minority students • Minority students who enter with lower academic credentials end up concentrated at the bottom of the most selective schools. These people who fall to the bottom of the class have a harder chance to succeed in their majors.

  18. Cons of A.A. • Do not necessarily help economically disadvantaged minorities. • A study by the Hoover Institution found that : • Affirmative action tends to benefit middle- and upper-class minorities, though one of the main reasons why these minority races are unable to go to college is because of their lack of money.

  19. Malaysia Malays and the indigenous people

  20. v Malaysia • Bumiputera policy • Coined by 1st Malaysian Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman • Mostly established during the New Economic Policy period (1971-1991) • In an effort to raise the Bumiputeranational wealth share from 2.5% thento 30%

  21. Malaysia : Education • According to a BBC article: • Soh Boon Khang scored 4.0 perfect score in his high school exams but did not get a single offer from M’sian universities when he applied to medical school. • HanieFarhanascored 3.75 and was instead accepted into medical school.

  22. Malaysia : Education • Ethnic quotas set in government-funded universities to ensure more Bumiputeras had access to higher education. • No. of Chinese and Indian student intakes dropped by 1/3 and ½ respectively in the past 10 years while no. of applications remained steady • http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-23841888

  23. Malaysia : Housing • A minimum of : • 30% of houses reserved for Bumiputeras • 7% discount when purchase is made by Bumiputeras • Discount is applicable for all types of houses, even for luxurious homes • In Melaka, the Bumiputera residential quota is set at 60%

  24. Malaysia : Employment • Malays make up 85% of civil servants • Bumiputeras have to own at least 30% of a company • Employment quota mandatory in private sectors • Recently, PermodalanNasionalBerhad will provide RM 700 million to support young Malay entrepreuneurs

  25. Class Discussion • In what ways does Affirmative Action backfire on the minorities? • Affirmative action is implemented to right past injustices for the disadvantaged groups. What do you think are some possible repercussions?

  26. Class Discussion • How can we measure how much we have to make up to the previously disadvantaged groups? In other words, when should Affirmative Action stop?

  27. Poster

  28. References • https://cdn1.iconfinder.com/data/icons/black-easy/512/535106-user_512x512.png • http://www.psdgraphics.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/female-sign.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_(orthographic_projection).svg/550px-Latin_America_(orthographic_projection).svg.png • http://media.npr.org/assets/music/lists/takefive/2010/01/mlkjr_wide-3392e29850b9316426c0e457d9874673a2dfba28-s6-c30.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Icon-round-Question_mark.jpg • http://www.iconpng.com/png/mixed_icons1/college_3d.png • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lbj2.jpg • http://allchoiceinsurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Fortune-500.jpg • http://i257.photobucket.com/albums/hh223/wag6174/Portraits%202/KamarulzamanNadiah-537.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Tunku_abd_rahman.jpg • http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NHmGTuCTevI/S9gXoIiYmtI/AAAAAAAAAcM/FOeEQmeLFn8/s1600/affirmative-action.jpg • http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-23841888 • http://homefinder.com.my/market-talk/malaysian-bumiputera-privileged-or-just-plain-unlucky/ • http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21576654-elections-may-could-mark-turning-point-never-ending-policy#sthash.uEhJXO4W.dpbs • http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-14/malaysia-s-najib-outlines-new-affirmative-action-steps-to-nation.html

  29. Thank you for your attention!

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