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KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. . SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. (HIGH). RNA carries DNA’s instructions. .

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KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

  2. SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. (HIGH)

  3. RNA carries DNA’s instructions. • The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins.

  4. replication transcription translation • The central dogma includes three processes. • Replication • Transcription • Translation • RNA is a link between DNA and proteins.

  5. Watch “ RNA and the Central Dogma” on the Biology Media Gallery

  6. RNA differs from DNA in three major ways. • RNA has a ribose sugar. • RNA has uracil instead of thymine. • RNA is a single-stranded structure.

  7. Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA.

  8. transcription complex start site nucleotides • Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. • RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex. • The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it.

  9. DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA • Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. • RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. • The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.

  10. RNA • The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed.

  11. Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. • Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome.

  12. one gene growing RNA strands DNA The transcription process is similar to replication. • Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing. • The two processes have different end results. • Replication copiesall the DNA;transcription copiesa gene. • Replication makesone copy;transcription canmake many copies.

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