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Introduction to XSL

Introduction to XSL. Hudson Ummem Veloso (huv) Luciano de Moura Silva (lms4). Introduction. What is XSL? XSL stands for E X tensible S tylesheet L anguage XSL is a style sheet language applied in archives XML But what is a Style Sheet?

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Introduction to XSL

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  1. Introduction to XSL Hudson Ummem Veloso (huv) Luciano de Moura Silva (lms4)

  2. Introduction • What is XSL? • XSL stands for EXtensible Stylesheet Language • XSL is a style sheet language applied in archives XML • But what is a Style Sheet? • A list of page format specifications, including typographic and layout specifications, that, when applied to structured information, provides a particular rendering of that information. • Different style sheets may be applied to the same piece of structured information to produce different presentations of the information.

  3. Introduction • How XSL will be used in the BrazilIP? • Formatting of archives XML • Create the PDF files for documentation • Create the HTML files to make use in the Internet • Why to use XML and XSL? • The XML validation can be automatized • The XSL is recommended for W3C for formatting the XML files • The XSL is more powerfull than CSS

  4. Introduction • XSL components • XSLT - a language for transforming XML documents • XPath - a language for navigating in XML documents • XSL-FO - a language for formatting XML documents

  5. XSLT • What is XSLT? • XSLT stands for XSL Transformations • XSLT transforms an XML document into another XML document • XSLT uses XPath to navigate in XML documents

  6. XSLT • How does it works • In the transformation process, XSLT uses XPath to define parts of the source document that should match one or more predefined templates. When a match is found, XSLT will transform the matching part of the source document into the result document. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h1>Brazil IP</h1> ... </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  7. XSLT – Transformation • How to create a HTML document with the following XML document? example.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="exemplo1.xsl"?> <Document> <Title>Brazil IP</Title> <Project>Fênix</Project> <Group> <GroupName>Configuração</GroupName> <Leader id = ‘1’>rgo</Leader> <Leader id = ‘2’>drm</Leader> <NumberofMembers>5</NumberofMembers> </Group> … </Document>

  8. XSLT - Transformation • Create the XSL template example1.xsl (open the example.xml with browser) <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br> NumberofMembers: <xsl:value-of select=“NumberOfMembers”/><br/> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  9. XSLT – <value-of> • The<xsl:value-of> element is used to extract the value of a selected node Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example2.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> LeaderOne: <xsl:value-of select=“Leader[@id = '1']”/><br/> <!-- Value of the select attribute is an XPath element --> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  10. XSLT - <for-each> • The <xsl:for-each> element allows you to do looping in XSLT Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example3.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <!-- for-each for select only the Groups with 7 members --> <xsl:for-each select = "Document/Group[NumberofMembers = 7]"> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> NumberofMembers: <xsl:value-of select=“NumberofMembers”/><br/> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  11. XSLT - <xsl:sort> • The <xsl:sort> element is used to sort the output. Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example4.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> <xsl:sort select=“Leader[@id=‘2’]” order=“ascending” case-order=“lower-first”/> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> NumberofMembers: <xsl:value-of select=“NumberofMembers”/><br/> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  12. XSLT - <xsl:if> • The <xsl:if> element is used to put a conditional test against the contentof the XML file. • Syntaxe: • Where to put the <xsl:if> element? • To add a conditional test, add the <xsl:if> element inside the <xsl:for-each> element in the XSL file: <xsl:if test=“expression”> ... ...some output if the expression is true... ... </xsl:if>

  13. XSLT - <xsl:if> • View the example above Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example5.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> <xsl:if test=“NumberofMembers &gt; 5”> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> </xsl:if> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  14. XSLT - <xsl:choose> • The <xsl:choose> element is used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and <xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests. • The <xls:choose> element is used for simulation of if then else structure • Syntaxe: • Where to put the Choose Condition? • To insert a conditional choose test against the content of the XML file, add the <xsl:choose>, <xsl:when>, and <xsl:otherwise> elements to the XSL file: <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="expression"> ... some output ... </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> ... some output .... </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose>

  15. XSLT - <xsl:choose> Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example6.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test=“NumberofMembers &lt; 8”> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> GroupName: <span style=“color:red”><xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/></span><br/> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  16. XSLT - <xsl:apply-templates> • The <xsl:apply-templates> element applies a template to the current element or to the current element's child nodes. Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example7.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html><body> <h2><xsl:value-of select=“Document/Title”/></h2><br/> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body></html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match=“Group”> <xsl:apply-templates select=“GroupName”/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match=“GroupName”> GroupName: <span style=“color:blue”><xsl:value-of select=“.”/></span><br/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  17. XPath and XSLT – basics functions • Context functions: Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example8.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“Document/Group[position()=3]/GroupName”/><br/> NumberofMembers: <xsl:value-of select=“Document/Group[last()]/NumberofMembers”/><br/> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  18. XPath and XSLT – basics functions • Functions on Boolean values: Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example9.xsl and view with browser <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Title”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”/></h1><br/> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group[not(position()=2)]”> GroupName: <xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/><br/> NumberofMembers: <xsl:value-of select=“NumberofMembers”/><br/> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

  19. XPath and XSLT – basics functions • Arithmetic functions: • sum(node set) - this function sums up all the values in the set of nodes • floor(number) returns the largest integer that is not greater than number • Example: floor(2.5) returns 2 • ceiling(number) returns the smallest integer that is not less than number • Example. Ceiling(2.5) returns 3 • round(number) returns the integer closest to number • Example. round(2.3) returns 2 <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html><body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “Document/Project”></h1><br/> NumberofMembers in the USB host project: <xsl:value-of select=“sum(//Document/Group/NumberofMembers)”/> </body></html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> <!-- Modif link(href) in the example.xml for example10.xsl -->

  20. XPath and XSLT – basics functions • String functions: • string(arg) - returns the string value of the argument. The argument could be a number, boolean, or node-set • Example: string(314) • Result: “314” • string-length(string) - returns the length of the specified string. • Example: string-lenght(‘Brazil-IP’) • Result: 9 • concat(string,string,...) - returns the concatenation of the strings • Example: concat(‘Brazil’,‘-’,’IP’,) • Result: “Brazil-IP” • translate(string1,string2,string3) – Converts string1 by replacing the characters in string2 with the characters in string3 • Example: translate('12:30',‘0123',‘abcd') • Result: “bc:da”

  21. XPath and XSLT – basics functions <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “translate(Document/Title,’ABCDEF’,’abcdef’)”/></h1><br/> <h1><xsl:value-of select = “concat(Document/Project,' USB', ' 2.0')”/></h1><br/> <table border=“1” cellpadding=“5” cellspacing=“0”> <tr> <th>Group Name</th> <th>Leader1</th> <th>Leader2</th> <th>Length String</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select = “Document/Group”> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select=“concat(Leader[position()=1],' is',' the',' first','!')”/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select=“concat(Leader[position()=2],' is',' the',' second','!')”/></td> <td align=“center”><xsl:value-of select=“string-length(GroupName)”/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> • Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example11.xsl and view with browser

  22. XSLT - elements • <xsl:atributte> • The <xsl:attribute> element is used to add attributes to elements. <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <head><title><xsl:value-of select=“Document/Title”/></title></head> <body> <table border=“1” width=“50%”> <xsl:for-each select=“/Document/Group”> <tr> <!--coloring alternate rows--> <xsl:if test=“position() mod 2 = 0”> <xsl:attribute name=“bgcolor”>yellow</xsl:attribute> </xsl:if> <td align=“center”><xsl:value-of select=“GroupName"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> • Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example12.xsl and view with browser

  23. XSLT - elements • <xsl:message> • The <xsl:message> element writes a message to the output. This element is primarily used to report errors <?xml version=“1.0” enconding=“ISO-8859-1”?> <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“/”> <html> <head><title><xsl:value-of select=“Document/Title”/></title></head> <body> <table border=“1” width=“50%”> <xsl:for-each select=“Document/Group”> <tr> <xsl:if test=“position() mod 2 = 0”> <xsl:message terminate=“yes”>This line is pair</xsl:message> </xsl:if> <td><xsl:value-of select=“GroupName”/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> • Modif link (href) in the example.xml for example13.xsl and view with browser

  24. XSLT • XSLT Processors • Saxon (http://saxon.sourceforge.net/) is a free processor written in Java • Xalan (http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/index.html) is part of the Apache XML Project. It has versions written in both Java and C++, both of them free • xsltproc (http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/) processor is written in C. It is free and is considered the fastest of the processors • Microsoft's MSXML (http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/) engine includes an XSLT processor. It is reported to be fast, but only runs on Windows

  25. XSLT • How to generate a HTML file from a XML and a XSL files • First we have to get the fop.zip from Apache.org • Then use the xalan command xalan -in inputFile.xml -out outputFile.html

  26. XSL-FO • What is XSL-FO? • XSL-FO stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects • XSL-FO is an XML-based markup language describing the formatting of XML data for output to screen, paper or other media.

  27. XSL-FO • XSL-FO document structure <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"> <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="A4"> <!-- Page template goes here --> </fo:simple-page-master> </fo:layout-master-set> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="A4"> <!-- Page content goes here --> </fo:page-sequence> </fo:root>

  28. XSL-FO • XSL-FO Areas • XSL-FO uses rectangules boxes (areas) to display output • Pages • Regions • Block areas • Line areas • Inline areas

  29. XSL-FO • XSL-FO Areas • Pages contain • margin-top • margin-bottom • margin-left • margin-right • Regions • Regions contain • region-body • region-before • region-after • region-start • region-end • Block areas

  30. XSL-FO

  31. XSL-FO • XSL-FO Areas • Block Areas • Block areas defines small block elements like paragraphs, tables and lists • Can contain other Block areas, but most often they contain Line areas • Line Areas • Define text lines inside Block areas • Contain Inline areas • Inline Areas • Define text inside Lines (bullets, single character, graphics)

  32. XSL-FO • A real XSL-FO example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"> <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="master"> </fo:simple-page-master> </fo:layout-master-set> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="master"> <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body"> <fo:block>Hello Brazil_IP</fo:block> </fo:flow> </fo:page-sequence> </fo:root>

  33. XSL-FO • Templates <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="capa" page-width="297mm" page-height="210mm" margin-top="3cm" margin-bottom="3cm" margin-left="2cm" margin-right="2cm"> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="A4" page-width="297mm" page-height="210mm" margin-top="1cm" margin-bottom="1cm" margin-left="1cm" margin-right="1cm"> <fo:region-before extent="2cm"/> <fo:region-after extent="2cm"/> <fo:region-start extent="2cm"/> <fo:region-end extent="2cm"/> </fo:simple-page-master> </fo:layout-master-set>

  34. XSL-FO • XSL-FO Processors • XSL Formatter (http://www.antennahouse.com/) • Xinc Beta Release (http://www.lunasil.com/) A Swing based XSL-FO viewer allows you to view and print XSL-FO files as well as generate PDF files with the click of a button. • FOP (http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/) It is a free Java application that reads a formatting object (FO) tree and renders the resulting pages to a specified output.

  35. XSL-FO • How to generate a PDF file from a XML and a XSL files • Use the xalan command to create the FO file • Then use the fop comand to generate the PDF xalan -in inputFile.xml -out outputFile.fo fop -fo inputFile.fo -pdf outputFile.pdf

  36. XSL-FO • You also can generate a PS file • Use the xalan command to create the FO file • Then use the fop comand to generate the PS xalan -in inputFile.xml -out outputFile.fo fop -fo inputFile.fo -ps outputFile.ps

  37. Study Bibliography • http://www.w3schools.com • This site have some tutorials about XML, HTML, CSS and XSL for beginners. • http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/ • A reference guide about XSL. • http://www.antennahouse.com/XSLsample/XSLsample.htm • A guide to generate PDF files from a XSL-FO. • http://www.zvon.org/xxl/ • A complete source with tutorials an reference guides about XML, XSLT, XSL-FO, CSS and others. • http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/fop/download.html • Where to download the FOP XSL-FO Processor.

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