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Motherboards

Motherboards. Motherboards. The motherboard is a critical component of any personal computer. A high quality motherboard ensures consistent performance and the ability to upgrade components over time. Form Factors.

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Motherboards

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  1. Motherboards

  2. Motherboards • The motherboard is a critical component of any personal computer. • A high quality motherboard ensures consistent performance and the ability to upgrade components over time.

  3. Form Factors • Motherboards are available in several form factors, which essentially unify the design of certain aspects of the computer system. • The most common form factor is ATX. • The form factor of the motherboard affects both the power supply and the case design.

  4. Expansion Ports • Motherboards have a variety of expansion ports built into them. These expansion ports are designed to accept specific formats of expansion, or adapter cards. • Today, common expansion ports are PCI, PCI Express, and AGP. • AGP is quickly being replaced by PCI Express.

  5. Onboard Components • Motherboards vary in the number and quality of onboard (built-in) components. • Certain onboard components, such as Audio and Video devices, are generally lower performing than adapter cards which are installed in expansion slots. • More expensive motherboards often have a large number of SATA connectors and USB and Firewire (IEEE1394) headers.

  6. A Typical ATX Motherboard

  7. A Micro ATX MotherboardNotice that it has fewer expansion slots.

  8. Chipset • The chipset of a motherboard is normally comprised of two chips, the north bridge and the south bridge. • The north bridge is used for communication between RAM (memory), the video card, and the CPU. • The south bridge is used for communication between expansion cards, onboard components, and the CPU.

  9. Case Design • When choosing a computer case, ensure that the form factor is compatible with the motherboard. • Case material and weight affect durability and appearance. • Internal features of cases include the number of drive bays and fan slots. • Many cases have external USB ports that can be connected to headers on the motherboard.

  10. Installation • When installing a motherboard into a case, also follow the instructions provided with the hardware. • Standoffs are spacers that are used to separate the motherboard from the case. • The I/O shield is included with the motherboard and snaps into the back interior of the case. It must be installed before the motherboard.

  11. Installation Continued • The front panel connectors on the case must be connected to the motherboard. • The motherboard documentation includes diagrams explaining where to insert front panel connectors. • Always follow safety procedures including the use of antistatic devices to protect components from static electricity.

  12. Understanding • Be sure to familiarize yourself with the different styles of motherboards available as well as popular features and reliable manufacturers. • Reading reviews of products is an excellent method of researching before you make purchasing decisions. • When troubleshooting installation issues, use Internet resources to research solutions listed by manufacturers and other technicians who have encountered similar problems.

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