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Comparing the Intensive Properties Between Niobium and an Unknown Metal

Comparing the Intensive Properties Between Niobium and an Unknown Metal. Luke Emery Matthew Wilson Cousino High School. Purpose. To identify an unknown metal using properties of specific heat and linear thermal expansion. Specific Heat.

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Comparing the Intensive Properties Between Niobium and an Unknown Metal

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  1. Comparing the Intensive Properties Between Niobium and an Unknown Metal Luke Emery Matthew Wilson Cousino High School

  2. Purpose To identify an unknown metal using properties of specific heat and linear thermal expansion. Emery – Wilson

  3. Specific Heat The amount of heat per unit of mass to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius Intensive property Unique to each element Emery – Wilson

  4. Linear Thermal Expansion The change in length of a material based on a change in temperature Intensive property Unique to each element Emery – Wilson

  5. Key Terms Calorimeter: tool used for measuring specific heat Equilibrium: state of rest or balance Emery – Wilson

  6. What is niobium? Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801 Silver – gray metal Atomic number is 41 Symbol is Nb Emery – Wilson

  7. What are niobium’s uses? Bonding stainless steel components Automotive industry Chemical manufacturing Emery – Wilson

  8. Purification of Niobium Emery – Wilson

  9. Hypothesis The unknown metal will be identified as niobium if the value of specific heat is within a 3% error range, and the value of linear thermal expansion is within a 2% error range. Emery – Wilson

  10. Specific Heat Materials Emery – Wilson

  11. Linear Thermal Expansion Materials Emery – Wilson

  12. Specific Heat Data Table 1. Average Percent Errors Emery – Wilson

  13. Linear Thermal Expansion Data Table 2. Average Percent Errors Emery – Wilson

  14. Statistical Test Two-sample t test Emery – Wilson

  15. Two-Sample t Test Two SRS from two distinct populations Standard deviations of the population are not known Emery – Wilson

  16. Two-Sample t Test Hypotheses: Emery – Wilson

  17. Specific Heat Data Figure 1. Normal Probability Plot of Niobium Specific Heat Emery – Wilson

  18. Specific Heat Data P-value = Figure 2. P-Value Bell Curve Emery – Wilson

  19. Linear Thermal Expansion Data Figure 3. Normal Probability Plot of the Unknown Metal Specific Heat Emery – Wilson

  20. Linear Thermal Expansion Data Figure 4. P-Value Bell Curve Emery – Wilson

  21. Conclusion Rejected the null hypothesis for specific heat Emery – Wilson

  22. Design Flaws Keeping water at a constant temperature of 100ºC Emery – Wilson

  23. Errors in Experimentation Transfer of metals Rusting tongs Wooden jig usage Emery – Wilson

  24. Real-World Application Emery – Wilson

  25. Works Cited Arumugam, S., and A. Ramalingam. "Experimental Study on Specific Heat of Hot Brine for Salt Gradient Solar Pond Application." Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri. Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India.. (2012): 957-961. Print. <http://www.sphinxsai.com/2012/july_sept12/Chem/pdfchem/CT=18(956-961) JS 12.pdf>. Hester, Jerry. "223 Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion." 223 Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion. Clemson University, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Emery – Wilson

  26. Works Cited Hidnert, Peter. "Thermal Expansion of Titanium." National Bureau of Standards 30 (1943): 101-05. National Institute of Standards and Technology. U.S. Department of Commerce. Web. 7 Apr. 2013. Howling, D.H., E. Mendoza, and J.E. Zimmerman. "Preliminary Experiments on the Temperature-Wave Method of Measuring Specific Heats of Metals at Low Temperatures." Proceedings of the Royal Society. (2013): n. page. Print. <http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/229/1176/86.abstract>. Emery – Wilson

  27. Works Cited K., Jagannath, ChandrashekarBhat, RaghavendraPrabhu, and S. S. Sharma. Thermal Expansion Coefficient for Lead-Graphite and Lead-Iron Metal Matrix Composition (2012): 20-24. Planetary Scientific Research Center. Planetary Scientific Research Center, 16 June 2012. Web. 7 Apr. 2013. "Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion." Thermal Expansion. Nondestructive Testing Resource Center, n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Emery – Wilson

  28. Works Cited Nave, R. "Specific Heat." HyperPhysics. HyperPhysics, 7 Jun 2004. Web. 24 Mar 2013. <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/spht.html>. Steele, Charles A., Mason A. Hines, and Lara Rutherford. "Specific Heat Capacity Thermal Function of the Cyanoacrylate Fingerprint Development Process,." U.S. Department of Justice. (2012): 1-26. Print. <http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/ThermalFunctionCyanoacrylateDevelopment.pdf>. Emery – Wilson

  29. Works Cited Unknown, . "Niobium 101." IAMGOLD. IAMGOLD, 25 Mar 2012. Web. 26 Mar 2013. <http://www.iamgold.com/files/pdf/Niobium 101 Final March 2012.pdf>. Winter, Mark. "Niobium." WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements. The University of Sheffield, n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Emery – Wilson

  30. Works Cited Unknown, . "Specific Heat for all the Elements." Periodic Table. Mathematica'sElementData, n.d. Web. 21 Mar 2013. <http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/SpecificHeat.html>. Emery – Wilson

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