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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. The Renaissance and the Reformation. Section 1. The Renaissance in Italy. I. What was the Renaissance?. A period of change and creativity (political, social, economic, cultural) Huge urban growth = trade was more important Renaissance thinkers began to explore human experiences

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 The Renaissance and the Reformation

  2. Section 1 The Renaissance in Italy

  3. I. What was the Renaissance? • A period of change and creativity (political, social, economic, cultural) • Huge urban growth = trade was more important • Renaissance thinkers began to explore human experiences • People had many different talents. • New levels of curiosity emerged • Began exploring new worlds and ideas, as well as new forms of art and literature.

  4. I. What was the Renaissance? • Humanism- Used classic Greek and Roman culture to increase the understanding of their own times. • Education should stimulate creativity • Petrarch- Brought classic Greek and Roman writings to Western Europe. (Cicero, Homer, Virgil)

  5. Review Questions • What does the word “Renaissance” mean? • What area experienced a huge growth during this time? • What was the main theme of Renaissance which focused on Greek and Roman culture and learning. • What man was responsible for bringing Greek and Roman learning to W. Europe?

  6. II. Italy: Cradle of the Renaissance • Italy was the center of the Roman Empire and a reawakening. • Studied the historical architecture and remains. • Rome served as a center for religious themes. • Money from trade fueled the Renaissance • Italy was broken up into city states which were controlled by wealthy merchant families. • Medici family became the most power family in Italy • They were great patrons of the arts (led to growth and transformation in Florence)

  7. III. Renaissance Art Flowers • Art and architecture were the focal points of the Renaissance. • Art  Religious themes against Roman backgrounds • Artists began using perspective (3-D), shadows, and studied the human body to make more realistic images. 3. Architecture reflected Greek and Roman styles

  8. III. Renaissance Art Flowers • Leonardo Da Vinci- multitalented genius • Mona Lisa- considered the greatest painting of all time • The Last Supper- A masterpiece of perspective • He was the ultimate Renaissance man. • Michelangelo- sculptor, engineer, architect, poet. • Best work- Sistine Chapel in Rome (he was left partially handicapped. • Built St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. • Rafael School of Athens

  9. IV. Writing For a New Society • Many books were written on philosophy and history. • Guide books were also written The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione. • The guidelines for members of the court (men and women) • Machiavelli The Prince (Guide to gaining power) • “The end justifies the means” do whatever you have to in order to win.

  10. Vocab • Humanism- Studying Greek and Roman culture to increase understanding of the time. • Humanities- study for subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history, that were taught in ancient Greece and Rome. • Petrarch- assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts. • Florence- The birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. • Patron- A financial supporter of the arts.

  11. Vocab • Perspective- Art technique used to give art a more realistic, 3-D effect. • Leonardo- multi-talented genius who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Michelangelo- multi-talented artist who painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David. • Rafael- painted The School of Athens • Baldassare Castiglione- wrote The Book of the Courtier • Niccolo Machiavelli- wrote The Prince.

  12. Section 2 The Renaissance in the North

  13. I. The Printing Revolution • Johann Gutenberg created the 1st complete edition of the Bible with movable print in 1455. • Between 1455 & 1500, 15-20 million books were printed. • Printed books were cheaper and easier to produce. • What did this lead to?

  14. II. Northern Renaissance Artists • The city of Flanders began the Renaissance in the North. • It was a prosperous center of trade. • Albrecht Dürer (Leonardo of the North) • 1494 He traveled to Italy to study the Renaissance masters. • He brought back the Italian Renaissance to the north . • He is famous for creating the art of engraving (making prints out of metal with acid) • Most of his paintings refer to religious upheaval

  15. III. Northern Humanists & Writers • Humanists stressed education and classical learning. • They wanted to bring religious and moral reform. • Began writing in vernacular. • Erasmus He was a Dutch priest. • Wrote an edition of the Bible in Greek. • He wanted the Bible written in vernacular. • Wanted people to be open minded and to reform corruption in the church.

  16. III. Northern Humanists & Writers • Sir Thomas MoreUtopia • Ideal society where everyone lived in peace and everyone is educated. • Justice to end crime not eliminate the criminal. • RabelaisGargantua and Pantagruel • Used characters to show opinions and faults within the church.

  17. III. Northern Humanists & Writers • Shakespeare Expressed universal themes in everyday, realistic settings. • His characters spoke in the language of the common people. • He created over 1,700 words.

  18. Section 2 Review Questions • What Renaissance thinker was responsible for creating the printing press? • What impact did the printing press have on Renaissance society? • In what city did the Northern Renaissance start? • What theme did Abrecht Dürer’s art often portray? • What was the Utopia described by Sir Thomas More? • Shakespeare, Rabelais, and Cervantes all wrote using in what style? • What theme did Shakespeare’s work explore?

  19. Section 2 Review Answers • What Renaissance thinker was responsible for creating the printing press? • -Johann Gutenberg • What impact did the printing press have on Renaissance society? • -Books were produced easier and cheaper, which led to increased literacy rates. • In what city did the Northern Renaissance start? • -Flanders

  20. Section 2 Review Answers • What theme did Abrecht Dürer’s art often portray? • -Religious upheaval • What was the Utopia described by Sir Thomas More? • -A Utopia was an ideal society where everyone lived in peace and were educated. Focus was put on stopping crime rather than the criminal. • Shakespeare, Rabelais, and Cervantes all wrote using in what style? • -They wrote in vernacular, or the language of the common people.

  21. Section 2 Review Answers • What theme did Shakespeare’s work explore? • -His work explored everyday, realistic themes.

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