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Jayadeva: 12 世紀來自印度東北部的詩人 ● The Gita Govinda (Love song of the dark lord)

Jayadeva: 12 世紀來自印度東北部的詩人 ● The Gita Govinda (Love song of the dark lord) 內 容包含 24 首詩句與民謠，描述 Krishna 和 Radha 的故事。 與 Krishna 信仰相關 詩歌中將印度史詩 (Mahabharata) 中的智者 Krishna 轉化為神聖的情人 4) 描述男女主角的愛與慾望、忌妒與驕傲、 不忠與誤會、 以 及奉獻和熱情. The first encounter of Krishna and Radha.

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Jayadeva: 12 世紀來自印度東北部的詩人 ● The Gita Govinda (Love song of the dark lord)

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  1. Jayadeva: 12世紀來自印度東北部的詩人 • ●The Gita Govinda(Love song of the dark lord) • 內容包含24首詩句與民謠，描述Krishna和Radha的故事。 • 與Krishna信仰相關 • 詩歌中將印度史詩(Mahabharata)中的智者Krishna轉化為神聖的情人 • 4) 描述男女主角的愛與慾望、忌妒與驕傲、 不忠與誤會、 以 • 及奉獻和熱情

  2. The first encounter of Krishna and Radha

  3. The sky is overcast by thick clouds. The woodlands are black with tamala trees. This boy Krishna is afraid of the gloom of the night. So, Oh Radha, take him home. Such was the command of Nanda, the herdsman. Thus arose the love of Radha and Krishna who, as they passed through the forest, sported in the bowers on the bank of the Yamuna.

  4. 《 印度美學概念Rasa》(sentiments, emotions) Shringara: love (love in union & love in separation) Hasya: comic happiness; Bhibatsya: disgust; Raudra: anger; Vira: heroic; Bhayanaka: fear; Karuna: compassion；Adbhuta: amazement ; Bhakti: devotion Gita Govinda最大的目的就是要喚起讀者的 Rasa

  5. Bhakti movement—崇拜Krishna的信仰 以Gita Govinda這本典籍為主 建立 G的宗教基礎 Sakhi—女性朋友；觀畫者隨著S的角色 體驗K & R的情緒 Esoteric Aestheticism—神秘的美學觀

  6. Heroine and Sakhi in Moonlight Kangra, Punjab Hills India, ca.1780-90

  7. The young woman disappeared in the moonlight, she was invisible to the eye. But hanging on the thread of her fragrance, the beelike sakhi followed her.

  8. Krishna with Gopis and Radha with Sakhi, of Gita Govinda, Kangra, India, ca.1775.

  9. While Hari roamed in the forest Making love to all the women, Radha’s hold on him loosened, And envy drove her away. Sound of bees buzzing circles overhead depressed her— She told her friend the secret. Refuses to admit my rage And keeps denying his guilt. When he steals away without me To indulge his craving For more young women, My perverse heart Only wants Krishna back. What can I do?

  10. Krishna Alone on a Hillock

  11. Bees swarm, buzzing sounds of love, Making him cover his ears. Your neglect affects his heart, Inflicting pain night after night. Wildflower-garland of Krishna Suffers in your desertion, FRIEND.

  12. Radha, Enter Madhava’s Intimate World!

  13. Seeing Hari light the deep thicket with brilliant jewel necklaces, a pendant, a golden rope belt, armlets, and wrist bands, Radha modestly stopped at the entrance, but her FRIEND urged her on. Radha, enter Madhava’s intimate world!

  14. His musical skill, his meditation on Vishnu, His vision of reality in the erotic mood, His graceful play in these poems All show that the master-poet Jayadeva’s soul Is in perfect tune with Krishna— Let blissful men of wisdom purify the world By singing his Gita Govinda.

  15. Bihari: 17世紀的北印度宮廷詩人 • ●The Satasai (700 verses) • 故事也跟Krishna Radha有關 但與G有很大的差異 • 以男性觀點出發 • 2)繪畫結合了性別化的身體 奉獻的概念 愛情 • 慾望 以及詩句本身 • 3)由宮廷詩人所著 讀者多半為王公貴族 • 4)畫中的景觀以建築為主 比較缺乏大自然的想像 • 5)這種手法與當時社會禮教有關 不讓男女主角有親密的接觸 男女之間愛情成唯一種社會景觀 • 6)偷窺式的美學

  16. Village Beauty ca. 1780-90

  17. A garland adorns her chest, flax flowers her brow, Standing up, the girl with upright breasts guards the field. Though they drink till sated, they remain thirsty. The thirst of my eyes for the saltlike body of the handsome one is unquenched.

  18. Restlessness of Love

  19. Restless and distressed, between her new love and her family’s shame, Pulled both ways, turning and returning, she passes her day like a yo-yo.

  20. Meeting of the Eyes

  21. Speaking, refusing, delighting, angering, meeting, blooming, blushing, In a crowded hall, the eyes do all the talking. Facing everyone for a moment, her glance shifts, turning away from all,…it rests on that side.

  22. Darshan: seeing the divine Looking at Krishna’s dark body, they have no regard for honor or dishonor, What can I do? These flirtatious, desirous eyes go toward him.

  23. Rupa Gosvamin: 16世紀印度神學家與詩人　 Gaudiya cult Sakhi: 1)男女主角的媒介；使得神聖的K容易親近 2)Bhakti的典範；完全利他 3)幫助大家達到性靈的愉悅 Ananda (transcendental bliss) 4)喚起rasa 讓信徒得到救贖

  24. Texts(words) and Images Images are activated by words. Words are enlivened by images. Ekphrasis (to speak out)

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