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DOUBLE ACTING ENGINE

DOUBLE ACTING ENGINE. Double Acting Engine. Steam Inlet Mechanism & Distribution Device Experiments by Other Inventors Principle of Double Acting Planet Gear & Parallel Motion Cutoff Valve & Governor Industrial Uses of Steam Summary - Development of Engine. Steam Inlet Mechanism.

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DOUBLE ACTING ENGINE

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  1. DOUBLE ACTING ENGINE

  2. Double Acting Engine • Steam Inlet Mechanism & Distribution Device • Experiments by Other Inventors • Principle of Double Acting • Planet Gear & Parallel Motion • Cutoff Valve & Governor • Industrial Uses of Steam • Summary - Development of Engine

  3. Steam Inlet Mechanism • Large Engine of Watt Used Condenser • For Cost Reasons • Steam Entered Steam-Jacket • Entered and Evacuated at Bottom • Exited Towards Condenser • Condenser Connected to Suction Pump

  4. Inlet Mechanism - Single Acting Engine

  5. Steam Distribution Device • Watt (1778) • Steam Enters Cylinder at Bottom - Piston Rises • Steam Evacuated To Condenser - Piston Lowers • Newcomen (7 psi), Watt (10 psi) • Watt (1780) • Led to Double Acting - Reversed Operation • Constant Steam Pressure Under Piston • Alternating Pressure & Vacuum Above Piston • Did Not Change Operating Principle • Vacuum Was Still Driving Force • Not Satisfactory - Led to Double Acting

  6. Steam Distribution - Watt (1778)

  7. Steam Distribution - Watt (1780)

  8. Experiments by Other Inventors • Jacob Leopold (1724) • Two Newcomen-Type Cylinders • Four-Way Cock • Steam Pressure Higher Than Atmospheric • Jonathan Hull (1736) • Paddle Wheel in Continuous Motion • Ratchet Mechanism • Opposite Direction With Counter Weight

  9. Experiments by Other Inventors(continued) • Continuous Movement (competing with Watt) • Keane Fitzgerald (1759) • John Stewart (1777) • Matthew Washborough (1779) • James Pickard (1780) • Thompson (1793) & Sherrats (1794) • Double Acting - Two Alternating Cylinders • E. Cartwright (1797) • Closed Circuit • Two Gears - Flywheel

  10. Atmospheric Engine - Leopold (1724)

  11. Atmospheric Engine - Hull (1736)

  12. Rotary Engine - Cartwright (1797)

  13. Planet Gear & Parallel Motion • Planet Gear - Watt (1781) • Crankshaft & Connecting Rod • Matthew Washborough (1779) • James Pickard (1780) • Epicyclic Gear Train • Watt’s Sun and Planet Gear • Parallel Motion - Watt (1784) • Tried Rack & Pinion • Chains Previously • “O” is Center of Beam • “A” is Fixed • “B” & “C” are Attached to Piston Rods

  14. Planet Gear - Watt (1781)

  15. Parallel Motion - Watt (1784) A

  16. Cutoff Valve • Previously Steam Pressure Was Used Throughout The Stroke • Watt (1769) • Stop Supply Of Steam Before End Of Stoke • Utilize Steam Expansion For Last Portion Of Stroke • Absorbed Shock of Piston At End Of Stroke • Total Power of Engine Decreased • Economy Of Steam To Produce Same Work • Patent - Watt (1782)

  17. Governor • Last Of Watt’s Great Inventions • Speed Governor • Limited Opening Of Valves • Controlled Steam Flow • Slowed Down Engine • No Patent - Used In A More Primitive Form In Grain Mills

  18. Governor With Fly-Balls (1784)

  19. Industrial Uses of Steam • Boulton & Watt (1773 - 1800) • Soho Factory - Built 500 Engines • 1/3 Were Pumping Engines • 2/3 Were Double Acting • Averaged 15 hp • After 1800 Watt’s Patents Went Public • Great Britain & Ireland (1817) • 20,000 hp In Cotton Mills • Glasgow (1825) • 310 Steam Engines

  20. Double Acting Rotative Engine - Boulton & Watt (1787 - 1800)

  21. Summary of Developmentof Steam Engine • Papin (1690) • Savery (1698) • Newcomen • Watt - Condenser (1769) • Watt - Double Acting (1784) • Woolf - Double Expansion (1803)

  22. Papin (1690)

  23. Savery (1698)

  24. Newcomen

  25. Watt (1769)

  26. Watt (1784)

  27. Woolf (1803)

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