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Post-Cyclone Recovery Policies and Coordination in Myanmar 2008-2010

Post-Cyclone Recovery Policies and Coordination in Myanmar 2008-2010. Iizuka Ryoko , MEP13101 Policy Design and Implementation, GRIPS July 19, 2013. Outline. Background Cyclone Nargis Response – Policies and Coordination Mechanisms 4. Challenges and Reflections. 1. Background.

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Post-Cyclone Recovery Policies and Coordination in Myanmar 2008-2010

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  1. Post-Cyclone RecoveryPolicies and Coordination in Myanmar 2008-2010 IizukaRyoko, MEP13101 Policy Design and Implementation, GRIPS July 19, 2013

  2. Outline • Background • Cyclone Nargis • Response – Policies and Coordination Mechanisms 4. Challenges and Reflections

  3. 1. Background 1962 Military rule starts 1988 Student demonstration 1990 National election - NLD victory ignored 2003 7-step Roadmap to Disciplined Democracy 2007 Saffron revolution 2008 Cyclone Nargis, Referendum on constitution 2010 National Election – USDP victory 2011New Government – President TheinSein Photo source: Not My Tribe

  4. Working Environment 2008 • No UNDAF or PRSP • UNDP stopped country program in 1993 (allowed only grassroots activities, no direct engagement with the government) • NGOs severely restricted

  5. 2. Cyclone Nargis • Hit Delta region and Yangon in May 2008 • Killed 140,000, affected 2.4 M • Damage US$4.1 B

  6. Cyclone affected villages

  7. 3. Response: Major Events and Policy Tools

  8. ASEAN-led Coordination Mechanism • 3 reps from GoM • M. of Foreign Affairs • M. of Social Welfare and Resettlement • M. of Agriculture and Irrigation Source: PONJA, 2008

  9. In-Country Coordination Mechanism

  10. PONREPP 8 Key Areas • Livelihoods • Shelter • Education • Health • Water, Sanitation, Hygiene • Disaster Risk Reduction • Environment • Vulnerable Groups  As of Jun 2010, $348M received. With needs ($691M) not met, prioritized action plan developed with $103M (5 sectors).

  11. UNDP Myanmar Response 1) Emergency response: Water, food, clearing debris, shelter, grants… 2) Integrated Community-based Early Recovery: US$23Ｍ for 2 years, covering 500 villages 1. Livelihood 2. Infrastructure 3.Capacity Development 4.Disaster Risk Reduction

  12. Left: Shelter construction Right: Pond cleaning – critical to catch monsoon rain to ensure drinking water for the rest of the year

  13. 4. Challenges • Coordination: numerous actors at multiple levels with different objectives, in fast changing environment. • Priority: massive needs with limited funds. Tarps or shelters? How many can you cover? • Ideal vs. Reality: Build Back Better, Early Recovery, Sustainability, Community Ownership… • Capacity vs. Reality: you want to do so much but your time, money, capacity are all limited.

  14. Reflections • To coordinate well, you need to know what you can do and what others can do. • No prior relations or trust can hamper your coordination.Government’s track record greatly affect donors. • Leader’s accurate judgment and direction is critical. • It was an over-ambitious program, yet necessary. Think of how to maximize your limited resources to do more.

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