The Nutrition Care Process

1. Chapter 21 The Nutrition Care Process

2. Nutrition Care Process • Assess nutritional status. • Analyze data to identify nutritional needs. • Plan and prioritize nutritional care objectives to meet these needs. • Implement strategies necessary to meet the objectives. • Evaluate the nutritional care outcomes.

3. Nutrition Care Process

4. Nutrition Care Process –cont’d

5. Nutrition Care Process –cont’d

6. Nutrition Care Process • See Appendix 56

7. Nutritional Assessment • The process by which the nutritional status of an individual is determined • Usually includes dietary history and intake data, laboratory data, clinical examination and health history, anthropometric data, and psychosocial data

8. Nutritional Screening Information

9. Nutrition Screening and Assessment Tool Courtesy Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, N.C.

10. Development of a Plan for Nutritional Care • Prioritize problems • Client and counselor must jointly establish achievable goals • Express objectives in behavioral terms • State objectives in quantifiable terms

11. Implementation of Nutritional Care • Implementation is the component of the nutritional care process that translates assessment data into strategies, activities, or interventions that will enable the patient or client to meet the established objectives. • Interventions should be specific: —What? —When? —Where? —How?

12. Evaluation of Nutritional Care • Evaluate care provided • Review plan frequently • Reassess plan—may be new needs • Identify any new needs • Formulate a new nutritional care plan

13. Nutritional Care Record • Written documentation of the nutritional care process, including the interventions and activities used to meet the nutritional objectives

14. Care Record Courtesy St. John’s Hospital, Springfield, Ill.

15. Documentation Style • DAP (diagnosis, assessment, plan) • PIE (problem, intervention, evaluation) • PES (problem, etiology, symptoms) • IER (intervention, evaluation, revision) • HOAP (history, observation, assessment, plan) • SAP (screen, assess, plan) • SOAPIER (subjective, objective, analysis/assessment, plan, intervention, evaluation, revisions) • SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan)

16. SOAP Notes S: Subjective • Info provided by patient, family, or other • Pertinent socioeconomic, cultural info • Level of physical activity • Significant nutritional history

17. SOAP Notes—cont’d O: Objective • Factual, reproducible observations • Diagnosis • Height, age, weight—and weight gain patterns • Lab data • Clinical data (nausea, diarrhea) • Diet order • Medications

18. SOAP Notes—cont’d A: Assessment • Interpretation of patient’s status based on subjective and objective info • Evaluation of nutritional history • Assessment of laboratory data and medications • Assessment of diet order • Assessment of patient’s comprehension and motivation

19. SOAP Notes—cont’d P: Plan • Diagnostic studies needed • Further workup, data needed • Medical nutrition therapy goals • Recommendations for nutritional care

20. Basic Hospital Diets

21. Basic Hospital Diets —cont’d

22. Soft Diet

23. Clear Liquid Diet

24. Full Liquid Diet

25. Full Liquid Diet –cont’d

26. Nutritional Care of the Terminally Ill Patient • Maintenance of comfort and quality of life are the main goals of nutritional care for terminally ill patients. • Dietary restrictions are rarely appropriate.

27. Palliative Care • Encourages the alleviation of physical symptoms, anxiety, and fear while attempting to maintain the patient’s ability to function independently

28. Discharge Planning Discharge documentation includes • Summary of nutritional therapies and outcomes • Pertinent information such as weight, lab results, dietary intake • Potential drug-nutrient interactions • Expected progress or prognosis • Recommendations for follow-up services

29. Discharge Planning Courtesy University of Washington Medical Centers, Seattle.