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NATIONS IN UPHEAVAL

FRANCE AND ITALY. NATIONS IN UPHEAVAL. DEFINITIONS. Nation-state A sovereign state Inhabited by relatively homogeneous group of people People share a feeling of common nationality. DEFINITIONS. Nationalism National spirit Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation Excessive patriotism

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NATIONS IN UPHEAVAL

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  1. FRANCE AND ITALY NATIONS IN UPHEAVAL

  2. DEFINITIONS • Nation-state • A sovereign state • Inhabited by relatively homogeneous group of people • People share a feeling of common nationality

  3. DEFINITIONS • Nationalism • National spirit • Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation • Excessive patriotism • The desire for national advancement or independence

  4. FRANCE • No longer a monarchy • Power held in the hands of the people’s elected representatives

  5. NAPOLEON III • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleon III • NOT the Napoleon of the Napoleonic Wars • Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte

  6. NAPOLEON III • President of the Second Republic • December 1848 • Won by 4 million votes • Why was he popular? • Evoked nationalism and the idea of a nation-state • Appealed to the monarchs • Appealed to the republicans

  7. NAPOLEON III • Problem • 4 year term • No re-election • Solution • Appeal to the people • National Assembly allowed him to appeal to the people • Problem • Only those who had property had the right to vote

  8. NAPOLEON III • Coup d'état - 1851 • December 1-2 • Occupy Paris • National Assembly dissolved • Universal male suffrage • December 4 • Killed 200 rioters to prevent left-wing uprising • Declared himself emperor • Claimed he was restoring democratic rights

  9. THE PEOPLE WERE HAPPY • Economy • Prosperous • Railroad industry was booming • Lead to the boom of other industries • Lead to employment

  10. CRIMEAN WAR • 1854-1856 • Challenged Russia’s claim • Reason for war • To stop Russia from expanding beyond the Black Sea and into the Balkans and east Mediterranean • Paris Peace Conference • 1856 • Russia compromised

  11. CRIMEAN WAR

  12. ITALY • Problem? • Unification

  13. GIUSEPPE MAZZINI • Founder of the Young Italy Society • Society • Median through which goals of Italian nationalism were publicized • Wanted a new Italy to be democratic and republic • How was he going to make a new Italy? • Revolts

  14. ROME • Vatican and papacy • Wanted to restore the Pope to Rome • Intervene against the Roman Republic • Troops from Naples, Austria and France

  15. Giuseppe Garibaldi • Man in charge to defend Rome • Failed • Fled with his troops to the hills • Republic of Venice surrendered to the Austrians in August of 1849

  16. COUNT CAMILLO CAVOUR • Took up the task of unification • Joined France in Crimean War • Joined Prussia against Austria • Question of Italian unification discussed at the Paris Peace Conference • Unification of northern Italy - 1860

  17. GARBALDI’S BACK • His army is used to invade more lands in southern Italy • Problematic for Cavour • Army will advance northwards • Solution • Cavour and Garbaldi’s troops met in south of Rome • Agree to unification • March 1861 • The Kingdom of Italy is formed

  18. SGA TOPICS • Nation-state • Nationalism • Coup d'état • France’s economy • Crimean War • Mazzini vs. Garibaldi • Cavour vs. Garibaldi

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