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STATIC ELECTRICITY

STATIC ELECTRICITY. THE STUDY OF CHARGES AT REST. ACTIVITY. MODEL OF AN ATOM CHARGE A BALLOON. STATIC ELECTRICITY. When you rub a balloon on your hair you scrape electrons off the atoms of your hair onto the balloon. The atoms of the balloon apparently have more “grab” on electrons. +. -.

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STATIC ELECTRICITY

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  1. STATIC ELECTRICITY THE STUDY OF CHARGES AT REST

  2. ACTIVITY MODEL OF AN ATOM CHARGE A BALLOON

  3. STATIC ELECTRICITY • When you rub a balloon on your hair you scrape electrons off the atoms of your hair onto the balloon. • The atoms of the balloon apparently have more “grab” on electrons.

  4. + - + + “Laws of Attraction” • Opposite Charges Attract • Like Charges Repel

  5. ACTIVITY STYROFOAM ELECTROSCOPE

  6. A COULOMB • THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF CHARGE • IT IS EQUAL TO THE CHARGE OF 6.25 BILLION BILLION ELECTRONS

  7. COULOMBS LAW ELECTRICAL FORCE DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE CHARGES AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE CHARGES

  8. + + + + Coulomb’s Law • The force between charges varies inversely with the square of their separation distances.

  9. COULOMB’S LAW • F = k X Q1 X Q2 / D2

  10. ACTIVITY POLARIZING A STICK

  11. Polarization • Polarized objects have an uneven distribution of charge. • A polarized object has no net charge. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meter Stick + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

  12. - - - - - - Weak Force - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Strong Force

  13. CURRENT ELECTRICITY THE STUDY OF CHARGES IN MOTION

  14. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT A COMPLETE PATH FOR ELECTRON FLOW

  15. ACTIVITY ELECTICAL ALTERNATIVES XMAS TREE BULB MAKE A WIRE

  16. CIRCUIT WIRE CONDUCTOR INSULATOR

  17. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONSISTS OF • SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY • A COMPLETE CONDUCTING PATH • DEVICES THAT CONVERT • ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO OTHER • FORMS

  18. ACTIVITY ADDING BATTERIES MAKE A SWITCH

  19. What is a conductor? • a material that allows free electron movement • Examples: • Aluminum • Gold • Copper • All Metals

  20. ACTIVITY GOOD CONDUCTORS POOR CONDUCTORS

  21. What is an insulator? • a material that does not allow electrons to flow freely • Examples: • Plastics • Ceramics • Amber

  22. ACTIVITY CONDUCTIVITY TESTER

  23. LIGHT BULB FILAMENT CONDUCTOR

  24. ACTIVITY CREATING LIGHT

  25. BATTERIES 1.5 VOLTS -TERMINAL + TERMINAL STANDARD“D” CELL

  26. VOLTAGE • COMMON TERM FOR “POTENTIAL” • THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY PER ELECTRON PRODUCED BY AN ENERGY SOURCE (BATTERY)

  27. ELECTRICAL CURRENT THE RATE OF FLOW OF CHARGE

  28. ELECTRICAL CURRENT • THE BRIGHTNESS OF A LIGHT BULB IS A GOOD INDICATOR OF THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH IT.

  29. ELECTRICAL CURRENT • ELECTRONS FLOW OUT OF THE NEGATIVE TERMINAL OF A BATTERY. • AFTER ELECTRONS TRAVEL THROUGH THE CIRCUIT, THEY FLOW INTO THE POSITIVE TERMINAL OF THE BATTERY.

  30. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE • RESISTANCE TO ELECTRON FLOW

  31. ACTIVITY PENCIL LEAD DIMMER SWITCH LIGHT DIMMER

  32. ELECTRICAL SHORT A LOW RESISTANCE PATH ACROSS THE TERMINALS OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENT. IF IT OCCURS ACROSS A BATTERY, GENERATOR OR ANY ENERGY SOURCE, IT CAN CAUSE TOO HIGH OF A CURRENT.

  33. ELECTRICAL SHORT SOMETIMES A RESISTOR CAN HAVE A SHORT ACROSS ITS LEADS. IF THIS OCCURS AND ANOTHER RESISTOR IS IN THE CIRCUIT, THE OTHER RESISTOR MAY POSSESS ENOUGH RESISTANCE TO KEEP THE CURRENT FROM BECOMING TOO LARGE. WHEN THIS OCCURS, NO CURRENT WILL PASS THROUGH THE SHORTED RESISTOR.

  34. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM • A CONCISE REPRESENTATION OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT UTILIZING STANDARD ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS. • IT SHOULD BE ACCURATE, SIMPLE AND NEAT.

  35. ACTIVITY ELECTROSQUARES DRAWING CIRCUITS

  36. ELECTRON CURRENT • A MEASURE OF THE RATE OF FLOW OF ELECTRON CHARGE THROUGH A CIRCUIT. • THE DIRECTION OF FLOW IS FROM THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF THE ENERGY SOURCE THROUGH THE CIRCUIT TO THE POSITIVE SIDE OF THE ENERGY SOURCE.

  37. OHM’S LAW THE CURRENT THROUGH A RESISTOR IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE APPLIED VOLTAGE AND INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS RESISTANCE. I = V / R I = CURRENT V = VOLTAGE R = RESISTANCE

  38. ELECTRICAL CURRENT • A MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF COULOMBS PER SECOND THAT PASSES A POINT IN A CIRCUIT. • THE UNIT OF CURRENT IS THE AMPERE = COULOMB PER SECOND

  39. VOLTAGE (POTENTIAL) • THE ENERGY PER CHARGE LOST OR GAINED BY CHARGES AS THEY PASS THROUGH A DEVICE. • THE UNIT IS THE VOLT = JOULE PER COULOMB

  40. RESISTANCE • A MEASURE OF THE RESISTANCE TO ELECTRON FLOW. • THE UNIT IS THE OHM = VOLT PER AMPERE SYMBOL FOR OHM IS W

  41. RESISTANCE • RESISTANCE CAN BE RELATED TO THE AMOUNT OF VOLTAGE NEEDED TO PRODUCE A AMPERE OF CURRENT. • IF IT TAKES TWO VOLTS TO PRODUCE ONE AMPERE, THE RESISTANCE IS TWO OHMS

  42. Current, Voltage, Resistance • Current • a measure of the rate of flow of electrons • measures in Amperes (A) • Voltage • a measure of the energy per charge • measured in Volts (V) • Resistance • a measure of the resistance to electron flow • measured in Ohms (W)

  43. SERIES CIRCUITS THE CURRENT HAS A SINGLE PATH AROUND THE CIRCUIT

  44. ACTIVITY SERIES CIRCUIT

  45. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS IN SERIES ALL HAVE THE SAME CURRENT THROUGH THEM

  46. PARALLEL CIRCUIT THE CURRENT HAS MULTIPLE PATHS AROUND THE CIRCUIT

  47. ACTIVITY PARALLEL CIRCUITS

  48. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS IN PARALLEL ALL HAVE THE SAME VOLTAGE ACROSS THEM

  49. RESISTORS IN SERIES THE TOTAL RESISTANCE IS THE SUM OF ALL RESISTORS IN SERIES.

  50. RESISTORS IN PARALLEL THIS COMBINATION POSSESSES LESS COMBINED RESISTANCE THAN THE LOWEST RESISTOR IN THE COMBINATION.

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