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Life Expectancy for average American: 76.9 Life Expectancy for average African American: 71.4

Health Disparities. Life Expectancy for average American: 76.9 Life Expectancy for average African American: 71.4. Infant death rate – more than 2 times as high for AA than whites Heart Disease death rate – 29% higher for AA than whites AIDS death rate – 10 times higher for AA than whites.

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Life Expectancy for average American: 76.9 Life Expectancy for average African American: 71.4

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  1. Health Disparities Life Expectancy for average American:76.9 Life Expectancy for average African American:71.4 • Infant death rate – more than 2 times as high for AA than whites • Heart Disease death rate – 29% higher for AA than whites • AIDS death rate – 10 times higher for AA than whites

  2. Health Disparities:Cancer African Americans are still more likely to develop and die of cancer than any other racial or ethnic groupin the US. Cancer Death Rates, by race and ethnicity 1997-2001

  3. Health Disparities:Cervical Cancer • Incidence rates of cervical cancer, 1997-2001: • White: 7.8/100,000 • African American: 12.2/100,000 • Death rates from cervical cancer, 1997-2001: • White: 2.6/100,000 • African American: 5.2/100,000 (>2x higher ) • 5-Year survival rates from cervical cancer, 1995-2000 • White: 74% • African American: 66%

  4. GOOD NEWS! Cervical Cancer is 100% Preventable!!!

  5. Where is my cervix? • The cervix is at the top of the vagina and is the opening to the uterus. • During childbirth, the cervix opens for the baby to be born.

  6. Cervical Cancer • Cells in the cervix can change and become abnormal. • Abnormal cell changes can be treated, if found early. This almost always prevents cervical cancer. • If not found early, the abnormal cells can grow out of control and become cervical cancer. REMEMBER!!You can't FEEL cell changes. Most people have no symptoms!

  7. What causesCervical Cancer? HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the cause of virtually all cervical cancers. • HPV is a very common virus. More than 80% of women will acquire an HPV infection before age 50. • BUT, having HPV does not mean you will get cancer. • Most women get rid of HPV on their own. Their body’s immune system fights off the virus, often before they ever know they have HPV.

  8. How do you get HPV? • You can get HPV from ANY fooling around where there is skin-to-skin contact in the genital area! • Condoms do not provide complete protection. • Having multiple partners may increase the risk of HPV; but you can get the virus from just one partner. • HPV infection is not a sign of promiscuity.

  9. Did my partnercheat on me? Having HPV does not mean anyone cheated. • HPV can hide-out in a person's body for many years. • One of you may have caught HPV when you were younger and your body has not fought it off yet. • It is impossible to determine when you acquired HPV or how long you have had it.

  10. What does thismean for my partner? • You can “share” the virus with your sexual partner (male or female); however, there is no need to worry about passing it back and forth. • - Once you have been infected with one type of the virus, you cannot be re-infected with the same type. • Men usually have no symptoms of HPV infection. • HPV infection has been linked to cancer of the penis and anus, but these cancers are EXTREMELY rare. • There currently is no FDA-approved HPV test for men.

  11. Risk factors forcervical cell changes Women must have HPV before they will develop cervical cancer. Factors that increase risk of cell changes include: • History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) • Smoking • Stress • Family history of cervical cancer • HIV and other immunity-compromised conditions

  12. So what can we do? Get Screened!!! 1. The Pap test can see if you have cell changes. 2. The HPV test can see if you have the virus that causes the cell changes.

  13. What is a Pap test? • During a pelvic exam, your health care provider will take a small sample of cells from your cervix.

  14. What is a Pap test? • The cell sample is sent to a lab and looked at under a microscope for signs of abnormal changes. • There are 2 types of Pap tests: • Conventional Pap smear: • dry slide • detects abnormal cells only 50-60% of the time. • Liquid-based Pap test: • cells are placed in liquid • detects abnormal cells 50-85% of the time.

  15. What is an HPV test? • The HPV test looks for HPV, the virus that causes the cell changes in the cervix. • The sample is taken at the same time as the Pap test sample. • The HPV test increases the ability to identify women at risk for cervical cancer 93-100% of the time. Together, the HPV test and the Pap test give you an accurate picture of your risk for developing cervical cancer.

  16. Preparing for your Pap and HPV tests • Do not go for your exam during your period. • Do not use creams, douches, foams, gels or tampons for 2-3 days before your exam. • Do not have sex within 24 hours before your exam. • If you are 30 or over: • Call your doctor’s office before your exam to ask for the HPV test along with your Pap test. • Find out if your insurance plan will pay for the HPV test.

  17. Getting Screened:Women under 30 • First Pap test: 3 years after the first time you have sexual intercourse or age 21, whichever comes first. • Pap test: • Every year with conventional Pap smear • Every 2 years with liquid-based Pap test • Why not an HPV test if I’m under 30? • Even though it’s VERY common to have HPV in your 20s, most women’s immune systems fight off the virus. • If you are under age 30, you only need an HPV test if your Pap is inconclusive (ASC-US).

  18. Getting Screened:Women 30 and Older • Pap Test + HPV test: • - Every 3 years if no HPV and normal Pap • Why do I need an HPV test if I am 30 or older? • HPV is much less common by age 30. • Most women's immune systems have fought off the virus. • Women who are 30 and older and still have HPV are at greater risk of developing cervical cancer and should be monitored more closely.

  19. Getting Screened • Women who do not need to be screened (according to the guidelines): • If you had a hysterectomy for benign reasons (AND your cervix was removed) • If you are age 70 or older and your last 3 Pap tests were normal • Remember: Discuss with your health care provider to determine whether or not you need to be screened. • Also, you should not get an HPV test during pregnancy.

  20. Steps to take • 1. Under 30 Pap test • 2.30 or older HPV testwith your Pap • 3.Discuss with your health care provider when to return for your next exam. • 4.Be sure to get your results and follow-up if needed. • 5.Congratulate yourself for taking steps to prevent cervical cancer and for joining the ISIS project!

  21. Take-Home Message Cervical Cancer is 100% Preventable!!! To learn more about HPV and Cervical Cancer, please visit our website: www.theisisproject.org

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