CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

1. CPTEDCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design

2. Defensible Space (Oscar Newman) • Physical expression of a social fabric that defends itself • Space controlled by the residents • Caring attitude, contact with other residents, improvement of the area, care for surroundings, pay attention to what occurs, intervene if an offense is seen.

3. Four Elements of Defensible Space • Territoriality – lay claim to an area • Natural Surveillance – observe daily activity by both friends and strangers • Image – appearance that it is not an area where a person or property can be easily victimized • Milieu – placement of home or buildings to reduce crime (feeling)

4. Intermediate Goals of CPTED • Access Control – limit to legit users • Surveillance – observe activities of others • Activity Support – interaction between citizens and other legitimate users • Motivation Reinforcement – enhancing feelings of territoriality and social cohesion through physical design features and enhancing and building pride in the area

5. Major Problems in Public Housing • Scissor Stairs • Mailbox Placement • Elevators Location • Long Central Corridors • Fire stairs and Secondary Exits • Location of Housing • No Embellishments

6. Opportunity • Distance • Convenience • Familiarity with Opportunity • Access and Escape • Ease of Movement • Land Use (Isolation) • Time

7. 4 Approaches to Opportunity Changes • Movement Control • Surveillance • Activity Support • Motivation Reinforcement

8. Mechanisms for Change • Physical • Social • Management • Law Enforcement

9. Analysis for Change • Frequency of Crimes 7Ws • Risk of Being a Victim • Severity of Incidents • Offenders and Victims • Police-Community Relations • Community Cohesiveness • Crime Victim Problems

10. Change • Effectiveness • Implementability • Compatibility • Cost-Benefit Analysis

11. Tactics Daniel Ford and Allan Wallis (modified)

12. Surveillance Tactics • Observation • Improve interior lighting • Improve outdoor lighting • Remove interior blind spots • Remove exterior blind spots • Add windows to interior spaces • Locate vulnerable areas near those which are actively used

13. Locate key personnel where they can supervise a specific area or activity • Provide living quarters for a security person • Provide guard kiosks at majro access points • Install surveillance devices (to resident apartments or houses • Encourage the removal of visual obstructions in streets and public places

14. Coordinate business hours • Neighborhood watch • Tenant patrols • Police Patrols varied • Community Policing

15. Identification Tactics • Project ID • Screening devices at entries • Establish territorial domains • Marking territoriality • Mark transition to private/less public areas • Increase visibility of detection devices

16. Identify buildings in alleyways, hallways, front doors and curbs • Establish house sitting program • Establish a safe haven home • Schedule use of sub environmentsColor Codes • Require identification procedures • Assign officers on a neighborhood basis • Locate precincts and police subdivisions in highly visible areas

17. Provide call systems for remote areas • Toll free emergency telephones (all are) • Cell Phones for victims • Proximity alarms for offenders • Building design • Lighting to help identify areas

18. Movement Control Tactics • Reduce the number of uncontrolled entrances • Designate pedestrian access corridors • Bike corridors • Provide key access to sub-environments • Limit the number of apartments sharing corridors, houses sharing streets

19. Control access to fire stairs • Install barriers on vulnerable openings • Fence off problem areas • Fence off access to vulnerable populations • Strengthen access point hardware • Convert streets to pedestrian use in interior areas • Close off through streets • Control access to neighborhoods for non-residents

20. Provide rear access to police • Locate vulnerable areas near sources of natural surveillance • Locate remote parking areas in well lighted, regularly used areas • Reduce the number of bus stops • Parking stickers • Schedule activities to support surveillance • Escorts • Security surveys

21. Activity Support Tactics • Create indoor activity areas • Create outdoor activity areas, small, limit users, under surveillance • Design facilities for specific age groups • Provide informational kiosks • Provide historical markers • Provide display areas (art, projects, etc.)

22. Activity areas at bus stops • Cluster stores and hours • Extend the use of school facilities • Community zoning (use, security, etc.) • Get acquainted activities (night out, etc.) • Group excursions, projects, etc. • Police sponsored activities for children, others • Special interest groups (scouts, big sisters, clubs, etc.

23. Movies • Concerts • Plays • Classes • InternetChatroomsPostingsWeb Pages • Draw them out

24. Motivational Reinforcement Tactics • Improve the appearance of the area • Subdivide large areas • Landscape • Personalize the environment • Minimum security standards (code) • Maintain public areas • Community education programs

25. Involve citizens for the area in developing land use guidelines • Improve police-community relations • Police programming • Crime prevention media campaigns • Security surveys by police officers • Reporting systems