Part Two SOLAS Topic talking

1. Brief revision of Part One and Warm-up of Part Two Part Two SOLAS Topic talking • What does SOLAS means? • Tell briefly about the development of SOLAS • What is the aim of SOLAS to be achieved

2. Words and Expressions [əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-] n. 目的，目标 1. objective e.g. The objective is to travel the furthest distance on one fill of hydrogen gas 其目标是充一次氢气飞最远的距离 2. compatible [kəm'pætəbl] adj. 兼容的，能共处的 We return again to the search for a compatible element . 我们回过头来再去寻找相容的元素。 3. prescribe [pris'kraib] vt. 规定，命令，开药方 4. ground [ɡraund] n.基础，根据 e.g. In our view, the agreement eliminates any ground for sanctions against Iran. 在我们看来，此项协议消除了制裁伊朗的任何理由。 5. substantially [səb'stænʃəli] adv. 实质上的，本质上的 e.g. UBS has substantially upgraded its controls and risk management.瑞银已显著改进了控制和风险管理。

3. 6. installation [,instə'leiʃən]n.装置，设备 7. integrity [in'teɡrəti] n. 完整性 e.g. The vessel must be kept watertight integrity while underway. 船舶在航期间必需保持其水密完整性。 8.subdivision ['sʌbdi,viʒən, ,sʌbdi'viʒən] n. 再分，分舱 9. watertight compartment 水密舱 The subdivision of the hull is like this: seven watertight compartments, with the sail located above the second compartment. 船体分舱如下：七个水密舱，帆罩位于第二舱室上面。 10. bilge pumping arrangements 排污设施 11.thermal ['θə:məl] adj. 热的，热量的 e.g. Heat can be delivered by convection, radiation, and thermal conduction热气可由对流、辐射和热传导来传递。 12. remainder [ri'meində] n. 剩余物，残余，余下的事物 13. containment [kən'teinmənt] n.控制，抑制

4. e.g. There is a big idea making the rounds, it is "containment". 美国的外交政策一直全部建立在一个理念的基础上：遏制。 14. undertaking [,ʌndə'teikiŋ] n. 事业，企业 e.g. This will be a big, multi-yearundertaking. 这将是一项持续数年的重大任务。 15. revise [ri'vaiz, 'ri:vaiz] vt. n. 校正，订正 e.g. Make, revise and maintain flow chart, and control plan. 编写、修改和维护流程图、和控制计划 。 [i'reidieitid, i'reidiitid, -eitid] adj.放射性的 16. irradiated 17. plutonium [plu:'təuniəm] n.钚（放射性元素） 18. clarify ['klærifai] vt. 澄清，阐明，使 ……明晰 His strategy fails to clarify the rationale. 其战略未能澄清这么做的理由。 19. enshrine [in'ʃrain]vt.铭记，牢记

5. 20. security alert system 报警系统 21. activate ['æktiveit] vt. 使激活，刺激 e.g. Scroll to Activate and press Select. 滚动到激活和按下选择。 22.compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz] vt. 威胁，损害 e.g. Modest deficitsone can well compromise monetary stability.赤字很有可能危及货币体系的稳定性。 23. port facilities 港口设施 24. security assessmen 安全评估 25. expulsion [ik'spʌlʃən] n.驱逐，逐出，开除 The reasons for the UK's expulsion from the ANZUS were manifold.英国被排除出美澳新同盟的原因是多方面的。 SOLAS and its Technical provisions SOLAS公约和其技术条款

6. The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is tospecify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety. Flag States are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has been done.Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as Port State Control. The current SOLAS Convention includes Articles setting out general obligations, amendment procedure and so on, followed by an Annex divided into 12 Chapters. 本公约的主要目的是对船舶的结构、设备和营运规定与船舶安全适应的最低标准 公约规定了一些证书以证明已做到这点 港口国条款也允许缔约方政府有权检查其他缔约方的船舶，但必须有足够的证据能够确信其他缔约方的船舶或其设备未能遵守公约的要求。这一程序就是港口国控制。 启程，展示 e.g. By setting out his stall first, the Treasury secretary managed to avoid leaving a impression of being an incorrigible wastrel财长首先把自己计划展示出来，以避免给人留下一种无可救药的挥霍者印象。

7. Chapter I - General Provisions It includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The Chapter also includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments. Chapter II-1- Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations The subdivision of passenger ships into watertight compartments must be such that after assumed damage to the ship’s hull the vessel will remain afloat and stable. Requirements for watertight integrity and bilge pumping arrangements for passenger ships are also laid down as well as stability requirements for both passenger and cargo ships. 总则 预示，代表 e.g. Each field is a single character or a number signifying a particular format option. 每块都是一个代表特定格式选项的单独字符或数字 颁发文件证书以表明船舶符合公约要求 构造（分舱与稳性、机电设备） 把客船进一步划分为水密舱必须符合以下要求，假如船壳受损，船舶仍能保持漂浮、稳定状态。不仅规定了对客船水密完整性和污水泵出设备的要求同时也规定对客船和货船稳性要求。 制定，主张 e.g. The condition is lay down in the document. 条件被清楚地规定在文件里。

8. The degree of subdivision - measured by the maximum permissible distance between two adjacent bulkheads-varies with ship’s length and the service in which it is engaged. The highest degree of subdivision applies to passenger ships. Requirements covering machinery and electrical installations are designed to ensure that services which are essential for the safety of the ship, passengers and crew are maintained under various emergency conditions. The steering gear requirements of this Chapter are particularly important. 分舱多少，（按照相邻的舱壁间允许的最大距离判断）随船舶长度和营运作用不同而不同。 要求还包括要把机器和电子设备设计成能够确保它们在各种紧急情况下都能维持正常操作，这些操作对船舶、乘客和船员的安全都是至关重要的。 紧急情况 Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction This chapter includes detailed fire safety provisions for all ships and specific measures for passenger ships, cargo ships and tankers. 构造（防火、探火和灭火） 特殊措施

9. They include the following principles: division of the ship intomain and vertical zones by thermal and structural boundaries; separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries; restricted use of combustible materials; detection of any fire in the zone of origin; containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin; protection of the means of escape or of access for fire-fighting purposes; ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances; minimization of the possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour. Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements The Chapter includes requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements, including requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to 重点和垂直区域 条款包括如下原则：按热量和结构边界把船舶分为重点和垂直区域；按热量和结构边界把生活区与船其它区域分开；限制使用易燃材料；探测起火区域；把火势控制在起火点并扑灭；保护消防逃生或进出通道；备好消防设备随时可投入使用；将易燃货物气体自燃可能性降至最小。 热量和结构边界 救生设备 救生设备

10. 国际救生设备规则在其34条对救生设备做出特殊要求并且是强制的，规定所有救生设备都必须遵守国际救生设备规则的相应要求。国际救生设备规则在其34条对救生设备做出特殊要求并且是强制的，规定所有救生设备都必须遵守国际救生设备规则的相应要求。 特殊技术要求 type of ship. The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code gives specific technical requirements for LSAs and is mandatory under Regulation 34, which states that all life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the LSA Code. Chapter IV – Radiocommunications The Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). All passenger ships and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, including satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the 无线电通讯 本章将GMDSS编入其中。 卫星紧急示位无线电信标 搜救应答器

11. ship or survival craft. Chapter V - Safety of navigation Chapter V identifies certain navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages.This is in contrast to the Convention as a whole, which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages. The subjects include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the ice patrol service; routeing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services. 确定，识别，一致，认同 e.g. One of the most important skills in life is to accurately identify your own strengths.生活中最为重要的一个本领就是准确地发现自己的强项。 安全航行 本章明确了缔约国政府应该提供的必须的安全航行服务并规定了各种航行通用于所有船舶具有操作性的条款。 本章总的来说是与公约进行对比，因为公约只适用于从事国际航线的某些级别的船只。 持续为船舶提供气象服务 冰况巡逻服务 持续提供搜救服务

12. This Chapter also includes a general obligation for masters to proceed to the assistance of those in distress and for Contracting Governments to ensure that all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view. The chapter makes mandatory the carriage ofvoyagedata recorders (VDRs)and automatic ship identification systems (AIS)for certain ships. Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) "which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions". The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units (such as containers). 本章还包括船长赶往出事水域救助遇险船和缔约国政府基于安全考虑确保船舶充分和有效配员的一般义务。 一般义务 航行数据记录仪 自动识别系统 本章强制某些船只必须配备VDRs和AIS 货物运输 防范；预防措施；预警 e.g. Special precautions must be taken in its handling.在应用时必须有特定的防护措施。 规则包括货物或货物单位（例如集装箱）的配载和系固。

13. Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods Part A - Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form - includes provisions for the classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of dangerous goods. Contracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the national level and the Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, which is constantly updated to accommodate new dangerous goods and to supplement or revise existing provisions. Part B covers construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk and requires chemical tankers built after 1 July 1986 to comply with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code). 危险品运输 包装危险品 危险品的分级、包装、标注、标签、危险标牌、单证文件和配载的条款。 发行国家级指南 …….本章要求强制执行由IMO制定的危险品规则；这一规则会不断更新以适应新危险品现和补充或修正现存规则。 本章涵盖运输危险品船只的结构和设备并要求1986年1月1日后建造的船舶要遵守《国际散装化学品运输规则 》。

14. Part D includes special requirements for the carriage ofpackaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires ships carrying such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code). The chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code). The IMDG Code was first adopted by IMO in 1965 and has been kept up to date by regular amendments, including those needed to keep it in linewith United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods which sets the basic requirements for all the transport modes 运输已包装辐射核燃料 高放射性废料 已包装辐照性核燃料、钚与高放废物的国际船运安全准则 本章要求运输危险品要遵守国际海上危险品规则 • 符合；与…一致 • e.g. Our quotations are in line with the world market. 我们的报盘符合世界市场行情。 定期修正 ……国际海上危险品规则通过定期修正保持更新，包括那些需要与联合国危险品运输推荐规范协调的规则，这些规范为各种运输方式设定了基本要求。

15. Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security The Chapter was adopted in December 2002 and entered into force on 1 July 2004. Regulation XI-2/3 of the new chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code). Part A of the Code is mandatory and part B contains guidance as to how to comply with the mandatory requirements. The regulation requires Administrations to set security levels and ensure the provision of security level information to ships entitled to fly their flag.Priorto entering a port, or whilst in a port, within the territory of a Contracting Government, a ship shall comply with the requirements for the security level set by that Contracting Government, if that security level is higher than the security level set by the Administration for that ship. 加强海上保安的特别措施 国际船舶和港口设施保安规则 给…称号；使…有权利 e.g. The only way to solve the problem is to entitle the rights to the migrant workers through legislation. 通过立法赋予移徙工人以权利是解决移徙问题的根本出路。 有关遵守强制要求的指南 本规则要求行政机构设定安全级别并确保向悬挂其国旗的船只提供安全级别信息。 进入缔约方政府领土范围内的港口以前或处于港口内，如果该缔约国政府所设定的保安等级高出船舶的保安等级，那么船舶应遵守当地的保安等级

16. Regulation XI-2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system, according to a strict timetable that will see most vessels fitted by 2004 and the remainder by 2006. When activated the ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent authority designated by the Administration, identifying the ship, its location and indicating that the security of the ship is under threat or it has been compromised. The system will not raise any alarm on-board the ship. The ship security alert system shall be capable of being activated from the navigation bridge and in at least one other location. 船舶安全警报系统 一旦启动船舶安全警报系统，该系统就会向海事部门所指定的机构发送船到岸的安全警报，确定船舶及其位置，并显示船舶安全受到威胁或已经受到损害。 能够从驾驶台和至少一个其它地方启动

17. Home Work • Be capable of using key words and expressions in this Part • Be able to express the ideas about STCW Convention and SOLAS • Look up the words which are new to you in the dictionary and read the text globally for main ideas