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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Anatomy of the diaphragm. Origin of diaphragm. 1- Sternal origin: Back of xiphoid process of sternum. 2- Costal origin: Inner aspect of lower 6 ribs. 3- Vertebral origin: a. Two crura :

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. Anatomy of the diaphragm

  3. Origin of diaphragm 1- Sternal origin: Back of xiphoid process of sternum. 2- Costal origin: Inner aspect of lower 6 ribs. 3- Vertebral origin: a. Two crura: • Right crus arises from the ventral aspect of the upper three lumbar vertebrae. • Left crus arises from the upper two lumbar vertebrae.

  4. Origin of diaphragm b. Arcuate ligaments: * Median arcuate ligament: A median tendinous arch connecting the right and left crura. * Medial arcuate ligament: On each side, connecting each crus with the tip of transverse process of L1. * Lateral arcuate ligament: On each side, connecting the tip of transverse process of L1 with the last rib.

  5. Insertion of diaphragm Into the central tendon of diaphragm which is formed of three lobes: 1- right lobe. 2- left lobe. 3- median lobe. * The central tendon is depressed and the lateral parts are elevated forming the right and left copula.

  6. Nerve supply and action Nerve supply: 1- Phrenic nerve: motor, sensory. 2- Lower intercostal nerves: sensory. Action: 1- Muscle of respiration. 2- Increase the intra abdominal pressure in forced actions. 3- right crus acts as a sphincter to the lower end of oesophagus.

  7. Major openings in the diaphragm

  8. Major openings in the diaphragm 1- IVC opening: a.Site: In the central tendon of diaphragm between right and median lobe. b.Level: T8 c.Structures passing through: 1)IVC. 2)Right phrenic nerve. 3)Lymphatics.

  9. Major openings in the diaphragm 2- Aortic opening: a.Site: Posterior to median arcuate ligament. b.Level: T12 c.Structures passing through: 1)Aorta. 2)Azygos vein. 3)Thoracic duct.

  10. Major openings in the diaphragm 3- Oesophageal opening: a.Site:Rightcrus. b.Level: T10 c.Structures passing through: 1)Oesophagus. 2)Vagi. 3)Anastomotic branches between left gastric and aortic oesophageal arteries.

  11. Other structures passing through the diaphragm 1-Splanchnic nerves which pierce the crura. 2-Inferior hemiazygos vein which pierce the left crus. 3-Psoas major M. 4-Sympathetic trunk. *3,4 pass deep to the medial arcuate ligament. 5-Quadratus lumborum. 6- Subcostal N, Vs. *5,6 Pass deep to the lateral arcuate ligament.

  12. Other structures passing through the diaphragm 7-Lower five intercostal Ns, Vs between the slips of the costal origin of diaphragm. 8-Superior epigastric vessels between sternal and costal origin. 9-Musculo phrenic vessels between the 7th and 8th costal slips.

  13. Thank You Prof.: Dr. Wafaa Abdel-Rahman

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