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New England Colonies

New England Colonies. New England Colonies. Introduction Why? Plymouth 1620 Massachusetts Bay Founding 1630 Dissenters New England Society Native Americans Pequot War King Philip’s War Witchcraft Conclusion. Key Terms Puritans Pilgrims John Winthrop Roger Williams

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New England Colonies

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  1. New England Colonies

  2. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  3. Themes • Motivations for traveling; religion was important • Early histories and life in Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony • New England society • Interaction between Native Americans and colonists in New England

  4. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  5. Why – Protestant Revolution • Before 1500 most Europeans were Catholic • After 1500 new forms of Christianity are created throughout Europe

  6. Why – Protestant Faiths • Lutheran • Anglican • Calvinism

  7. Why – Protestant Faiths • Lutheran – Sermons and bibles should be in Native Language. “People should have personal relationship with God.” Reduce power of clergy. • Anglican – • Calvinism –

  8. Why – Protestant Faiths • Lutheran – Sermons and bibles should be in Native Language. “People should have personal relationship with God.” Reduce power of clergy. • Anglican – Power of the Church is held in the hands of the English monarch, not the pope. Kept most Catholic doctrines and practices. • Calvinism –

  9. Why – Protestant Faiths • Lutheran – Sermons and bibles should be in Native Language. “People should have personal relationship with God.” Reduce power of clergy. • Anglican – Power of the Church is held in the hands of the English monarch, not the pope. Kept most Catholic doctrines and practices. • Calvinism – Need for religious utopian societies. Believed in predestination (fate) There were sinners and saints. Sinners could not be saved. Saints should run society.

  10. Major Religion In Europe 1560

  11. Why – Religious Conflict • 1530s - King Henry VIII of England established Anglican Church • 1500s – Puritanism (a form of Calvinism) grew in England

  12. Why - English Migration • Charles I persecuted Puritans • Puritans migrated • Netherlands • Americas • 1700 - New England’s population was about 93,000

  13. Why – Economic Hardship • Populating increased • Living standards declined • Wages declined • Land scarcity

  14. Check Up! • Summarize the beliefs of the following three groups: • Lutheran • Anglican • Puritan

  15. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  16. Pilgrim’s Goal • Puritan Separatists • Believed they must separate from the Anglican Church • They saw their journey as a pilgrimage to spread the gospel, hence the name Pilgrims.

  17. Pilgrims Take Action • Lived in Netherlands for about 10 years • Negotiated with Virginia Company to establish a settlement in north Virginia • Plymouth Plantation

  18. Mayflower Compact • Settled at Plymouth Plantation in 1620 on Plymouth Rock • Former Indian village • Problem • Plymouth Plantation was not in the colony of Virginia • No colony = No law • Solution - The Mayflower Compact

  19. Check Up!Mayflower Compact • Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia…. (We) combine our selves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation…. To enact…and frame such just and equal laws,…as shall be thought most…good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.

  20. Mayflower Compact • Signed by all men • Declared support for King • Created a government to establish rules for the colony • First self gov. in North America

  21. Plymouth • Included 24 families and 102 settlers • Governor - William Bradford • Elected 30 times

  22. Plymouth and the Natives • Squanto • Acted as interpreter • Helped them plant corn and squash • Massasoit • Wampanoag leader • Established trade

  23. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  24. Puritans • Puritans’ Goals • Purify the Church of England to eliminate Catholic influences • Membership should be limited

  25. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Founder - John Winthrop • Establish a “city upon a hill” aka Boston • Sermon - A Model of Christian Charity

  26. Check Up!A Model of Christian Charity Source: John Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity,” 1630. • . . . wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man. Wee must entertaine each other in brotherly affection. Wee must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others’ necessities. Wee must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekeness, gentlenes, patience and liberality. Wee must delight in eache other; make other’s conditions our owne; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, always haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body. . . . The eies [eyes] of all people are upon us. Soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our God in this worke wee have undertaken, and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.

  27. A Model of Christian Charity • A Model of Christian Charity: • Establish a religious utopia dedicated to the teaching of Christianity • To be successful, all would have to work together • If they succeeded they would be a model for others, but if they failed they would bring shame to themselves and to God

  28. Church and State in New England • No separation of church and state • Taxes funded ministers’ salaries and churches • Blue Laws • Required church attendance • prohibited • drunkenness • card playing • public kissing

  29. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  30. New England Society (Education) • Towns appointed teachers • Harvard College was founded in 1636 to train ministers

  31. New England Society (Education and Literacy) • Literacy • 90% men • 40% women • Other colonies: It was no more than 50% • In England: 33% could read and write

  32. New England Society (Community Life) • Centered around the meeting house • Homes were close to one another • Farms • Originally communal • Later owned by individuals

  33. New England Society (family life) • Family Backbone of community • Family Organization • Paternal Society • Father: Head of family • Children: provided labor force • Stability • 80% of children reach adulthood • Men life expectancy 65

  34. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  35. Dissenters • Roger Williams • Minister who called for separation of church and state • Declared the colony had no legal right to own land • Banished in 1635; moved to Providence and began his own colony. • Received charter from crown • Rhode Island practiced religious tolerance

  36. Dissenters • Anne Hutchinson • A mother of 14 children • Challenged the authority of ministers and was placed on trial • Declared she had received revelations from God • She was banished from the colony

  37. Dissenters • Many of New England’s residents relocated to practice their religion freely • They did not necessarily believe in religious freedom • Thomas Hooker was hounded out of the colony and settled in Hartford Connecticut. • John Davenport and other Puritans founded a colony in New Haven, later joining Hooker to create the colony of Connecticut

  38. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  39. Native Americans • Pequot War, 1636-1637 • Tension developed between Pequot and colonists as the English expanded into Connecticut • Colonists from Massachusetts and Conn. Attacked the Pequot Village in Mystic • About 400 died as the village was burned • Ended Pequot resistance to English expansion

  40. Destruction of Pequot’s Village English and Wampanoag allies destroy Pequot village

  41. Native Americans • Indian Population drops • From about 125,000 in 1600 to 10,000 in 1675 • English settlements continued to expand • Wild animals were replaced by domesticated animals • Another conflict emerged by the 1670s

  42. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  43. Native Americans • King Philip’s War, 1675-1676 • Metacom - Son of Massosoit (an ally of the Pilgrims) • Formed an native alliance against English

  44. King Philip’s War • New England colonies united • Metacom was killed and Indians were defeated and many sold into slavery • Effectively ended Indian resistance in New England

  45. King Philip’s War - Consequence • Consequences • Developed New England Identify and unity • 50% of New England towns attacked • 1200 homes destroy • 8,000 cows destroyed • Deadliest war in American History as a percentage of the population • Effectively ended Indian resistance in New England

  46. Podcast – King Philips War • Prompt: Who was the bad guy in King Philip’s War? How has history’s remembrance of that war made it difficult to answer this question

  47. New England Colonies • Introduction • Why? • Plymouth 1620 • Massachusetts Bay • Founding 1630 • Dissenters • New England Society • Native Americans • Pequot War • King Philip’s War • Witchcraft • Conclusion • Key Terms • Puritans • Pilgrims • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Pequots • Metacom/King Philip • Salem Witch Trials

  48. Witchcraft

  49. Witchcraft • Many in Europe and the colonies believed in witchcraft • Witchcraft hysteria grew in Salem (1692) • In April, several girls had their fortune read by a slave • an African slave, and two others were accused of witchcraft, accusations quickly grew

  50. Witchcraft • Pattern • Accusation = Guilty Verdict • Guilty Verdict = Execution • Avoid Execution = Accuse others

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