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Chapter 13 Review

Chapter 13 Review. Lauren Sam Kayla. Solids. Solids are usually hard, because their molecules have been packed together . Solids hold their shape, the atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around too much.  Solids have a definite shape and volume,

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Chapter 13 Review

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  1. Chapter 13 Review Lauren Sam Kayla

  2. Solids • Solids are usually hard, because their molecules have been packed together. Solids hold their shape, the atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around too much.  • Solids have a definite shape and volume, high density, low compressibility, low rate of diffusion, and has a melting point

  3. Liquids • Liquids have a definite volume,but no definite shape because they acquire the shape of the container, can diffuse into another liquid, evaporate, have surface tension, forms solids

  4. Gases • The particles in gases are rapid, constant, and random • The collisions are elastic, meaning that they bounce back with equal force. Collisions create kinetic energy or heat. • The kinetic Molecular Theory states the ideas that particles of matter are always in motion

  5. Melting • The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

  6. Freezing • The process in which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid

  7. Changes to a Gas • Evaporation, vaporization, and boiling are all phase changes in which a liquid changes into a gas • Evaporation- vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

  8. Condensation • Condensation is the change from a gas to a liquid

  9. Sublimation • Sublimation is a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid. This phase occurs because the temperature and pressure are below or at the triple point

  10. Water • Water can be in the solid, liquid, and gas states • Water is a universal solvent,it has the ability to carry an electric current, it has high surface tension,a specific heat capacity, and a low density • Molecular structure is bent

  11. Amorphous solid • Describes a solid that lacks an orderly internal structure • Ex: glass, rubber, plastic, and asphalt

  12. Phase Diagram • A phases diagram shows the relationship between pressure, temperature, and physical states of water • Triple point- the point on a phase diagram that represents the only set of conditions at which all three points exist in equilibrium with one another • Normal boiling point- the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3kPa or 1atm • The red and blue curves show the kinetic energy distributions of a typical collection of molecules at two different temperatures

  13. Phase Diagram

  14. Practice Problems • *1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3kPa* Example: What is the measurement in atm and mm Hg? Known- Pressure= 450 kPa, Unknown- Pressure=? atm, pressure =? mm Hg kPaatm1atmkPa mm Hg 760 mmHg 101.3kPa 101.3kPa 450 kPa X 1 atm= 4.4 atm 450kPa X 760mmHg =3400mmHg 101.3kPa 101.3kPa

  15. Practice Problems 1. What pressure does 385 mmHg exert in atm and kPa? Known- Unknown-

  16. Practice Problems 2. Is the pressure.25 atm greater or less than 33.7 kPa? Known- Unknown-

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