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UN peacekeeping in Namibia

UN peacekeeping in Namibia. Erik Molnár, Jr. Consulate of the Republic of Namibia Pécs June 15, 2012. Agenda I. Review of Namibia History and Politics Geography and Climate Language and Education Economy Background of the UN Mission History Apartheid politics

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UN peacekeeping in Namibia

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  1. UN peacekeepingin Namibia Erik Molnár, Jr. Consulate of the Republic of Namibia Pécs June 15, 2012

  2. Agenda I • Review of Namibia • History and Politics • Geography and Climate • Language and Education • Economy • Background of the UN Mission • History • Apartheid politics • The Beginnings of the Opposition

  3. Agenda II • The UN Peacekeeping process • Premise • UNTAG • Hungarian police contingent • Final thoughts

  4. Source: http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/NAM/PICS/Map%20Namibia.jpg

  5. History and politics • German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) 1884-1915 • Herero and Namagenocide • South Africa 1915-1990 • South African rule and the struggle for independence • League of Nations mandate territory • United Nations Trusteeship agreement • South-West Africa People's Organisation • armed struggle for independence

  6. Herero Executionsby German soldiers

  7. Surviving Hereros

  8. Herero women

  9. ”A Long Walk to Freedom” • UN • General Assembly • Security Council • International Court • South African Border War • 1966-1989 • SWAPO • PLAN - People's Liberation Army of Namibia

  10. Koevoetthe "crowbar " South West Africa Police Counter-Insurgency Uni Koevoet was the most effective paramilitary unit deployed against SWAPO fighters during the Namibian War of Independence. The trackers, the bushman "bat" units of Koevoet.

  11. Koevoet and SWATF unit members with corpses of murdered SWAPO (PLAN) combatants. In the background are black Koevoets.

  12. UN actions • 30 UN organisations involved • e.g.: • UN Ad Hoc Committee for South West Africa, 1966 • UN Council for Namibia • UNDP • UNHCR • UNICEF • United Nations Institute for Namibia (UNIN) • United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) • 25 UN Reports

  13. UN Resolutions • Security Council • 26 Resolutions • First one • UN SC Resolution 245 (1968) • Last one • UN SC Resolution 652 (1990) • General Assembly • 18 Resolutions

  14. UNTAG Mission • Duration • April 1989 - 21 March 1990 • Contributors • 124 countries • e.g.: Congo, Czechoslovakia, Federal Republic of Germany, Fiji, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Soviet Union, Yugoslavia etc. • 50 countries with military component • Strength • Authorized upper limit of military component • 7,500 all ranks, supported by civilian police and civilian international and local personnel • Maximum strength • 4,493 all ranks, 1,500 civilian police and just under 2,000 international and local staff; the mission was strengthened by some 1,000 additional international personnel who came specifically for the elections

  15. Peacekeeping in Namibia • By 22 November 1989, South Africa's remaining troops had left Namibia. • Fatalities (April 1989 - March 1990) • 19 Total • 11 military personnel • 4 civilian police • 3 international staff • 1 local staff • Financing • $368.6 million

  16. Namibia • The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 21 November to draft a new Constitution, which was unanimously approved on 9 February 1990. • On 16 February the Assembly elected SWAPO leader H.E. Sam Nujoma as President of the Republic of Namibia. • Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990. On that day, in Winhoek, the United Nations Secretary-General administered the oath of office to Namibia's first President. • On 23 April 1990, Namibia became the 160th Member of the United Nations.

  17. The Hungarian Police Contingent

  18. Hungarian Police Officers as guests in a Himba village

  19. The Hungarian "Boss" with a Himba boy

  20. Thank you foryour attention! Erik Molnár, Jr. Consulate of the Republic of Namibia erik.molnar@namibia.hu

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