Imam Malik مالك بن أنس

نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams Imam Malikمالك بن أنس

Imam Malik (93-179 H) • Born in Medina • His family • His parents role • His teachers

Imam Malik (93-179 H) • His life in Medina • Relationship with the rulers • His life style: His home, appearance, etc. • His teaching • Political life • His advice to the rulers

Imam Malik (93-179 H) • His attributes and talents • Strong memory • Endurance and perseverance • Sincerity • Presence

Imam Malik: Sources of Knowledge • His teachers: • Ibn Hirmez ابن هرمز • Nafe’نافع مولى ابن عمر • Al-Zuhri ابن شهاب الزهري • Abu Az-Zinad أبو الزناد • Yahya bin Sa’d يحيى بن سعد • Rabi’a ربيعة الرأي • His connection with scholars

Imam Malik (93-179 H) • His Time: • Political Life • Social Life • Religious Life • Opinion vs. Text • Groups and Sects

Imam Malik (93-179 H) • His Opinions: • Opinions in Creed • Opinions in Politics

Jurisprudence of Imam Malik • Al-Muwatta’الموطأ • The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today. • Based on a request from Al-Mansoor • Purpose is to collect Madani Jurisprudence • Not intended as a Hadith Collection only.

Shafe’i الشافعي Malik مالك Ahmad أحمد Abu Hanifah أبو حنيفة Quran القرآن Sunnahالسنة Agreement الإجماع Sahaba قول الصحابي Sahaba قول الصحابي Sahaba قول الصحابي Comparison القياس Agreement الإجماع Agreement الإجماع Agreement الإجماع Sahaba قول الصحابي Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة Comparison القياس Comparison القياس Comparison القياس Preference الإستحسان Preserving Status Quo الاستصحاب Preference الإستحسان Common Practice العرف General Benefit المصالح المرسلة

Sources of Maliki Schoolالأدلة الفقهية في المذهب المالكي Quran القرآن Sunnah السنة Sahaba قول الصحابي Agreement الإجماع Practice in Medina عمل أهل المدينة Comparison القياس Common Practice العرف General Benefit المصالح المرسلة Preference الإستحسان

Sources of Jurisprudence Quran القرآن • The First and Essential source.

Sources of Jurisprudence Sunnah السنة • The Sunnah: • Hadith: Words the Prophet PBUH said. • Actions of the Prophet PBUH. • Action the Prophet PBUH approved or disapproved. • Actions the Prophet PBUH saw or knew about and did not comment on.

Sources of Jurisprudence: Sunnah • Authentication of Sunnah رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH المتن Text صحابي Companion تابعي Follower Chain Of Narration السند راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Repeatedly Connected المتواتر صحابي Companion صحابي Companion صحابي Companion صحابي Companion صحابي Companion تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator Authentication of Sunnah رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH

Famous المشهور Authentication of Sunnah رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH صحابي Companion تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Solitary Narration الآحاد Authentication of Sunnah رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH صحابي Companion تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Loose-end Chain المرسل Authentication of Sunnah رسول الله (ص) The Prophet PBUH صحابي Companion تابعي Follower راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator راوي Narrator

Sources of Jurisprudence Agreement الإجماع • Definition: • اتفاق المجتهدين من أمة محمد (ص) في عصر على حكم شرعي • Agreement of the Scholars in a certain time on a ruling.. If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that becoming to men of Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge! 4:115

Sources of Jurisprudence Comparison القياس • Definition: • مساواة الفرع للأصل في علة حكمه • أركانه: الفرع، والأصل، والعلة، والحكم. • Extrapolating a ruling on a new issue(branch) after a comparison with an original ruling (origin), because of mutual link in the reason behind the original ruling.

Sources of Jurisprudence Preference الإستحسان • Definition: • هو ترك القياس الظاهر لدليل اقتضى هذا الترك. • عن عبد الله بن مسعود (ما رآه المسلمون حسنا فهو عند الله حسن) • Preference: to leave the ruling of Comparison for a better reason. • Used by Imam Malik. Mostly in the context of General Benefit. • Example: Cleanliness of water used by meat-eating birds, compared with animals. سؤر سباع الطير

Sources of Jurisprudence General Benefit المصالح المرسلة • Rulings based on assuring General Benefit to people and avoiding unnecessary hardships. • Example: Collection of the Quran by Abu Bakr (ra).

Sources of Jurisprudence General Benefit المصالح المرسلة • General Benefits: • Methodology: • Greater benefit before smaller ones. • General benefit before private ones. • Permanent benefit before temporary ones. • Certain benefit before controversial or doubtful ones. • المصالح: • تقديم المنفعة الكبرى على الصغرى • تقديم المنفعة العامة على الخاصة • تقديم المنفعة الدائمة على المؤقتة • تقديم المنفعة المؤكدة على المشكوك فيها

Jurisprudence of Imam Malik • Characteristics of Maliki Sources: • Flexibility • Aiming at achieving General Benefit • Based on solid references in Sunnah • Complement each other

Jurisprudence of Imam Malik • Stedents of Imam Malik • Abdullah bin Wahab عبد الله بن وهب • Abdur-Rahaman bin Al-Qasim عبد الرحمن بن القاسم • Ashhab bin Abdul-Aziz أشهب بن عبد العزيز • Asad bin Al-Furat أسد بن الفرات • Sahnoon سحنون • Spread of the Maliki School

Imam Malik مالك بن أنس