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Transition from Geocentric to Heliocentric Views: Clash Between Church and Science

Explore the transition from the geocentric model of the universe to the heliocentric model, the resistance from the Medieval Catholic Church, and the impact of Rene Descartes' Cartesian Method. Discover the conflicts between science and religion and contemplate the pursuit of truth in this thought-provoking discussion.

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Transition from Geocentric to Heliocentric Views: Clash Between Church and Science

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  1. Chapter 7 Rene Descartes and the Transition from Medieval to Modern Thinking

  2. What is the geocentric model of the universe? What developments led to the formulation of the heliocentric model of the universe? Why was the Medieval Catholic Church resistant to this model? What is the Cartesian Method? What is Cartesian Doubt? What is the Cogito? What is the relationship between mind and body of the Cartesian system? How does Descartes offer a way to resolve the conflicts between science and religion?

  3. Descartes—Dreamer, Genius, or Madman?

  4. Have we advanced towards the Truth? Do you believe that we know more than Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, or Aquinas? Why do you believe this? Could you be wrong?

  5. Who has the Truth? The Church Science Truths given through reason and observation Truths given by religious doctrine

  6. The Geocentric Model of the Universe Reason tells us that the Earth lies at the center of the Universe. After all it is a heavy mass, and the appropriate place for a heavy mass is the center.

  7. Crystal Spheres Observation tells us that the Earth is at the center of the Universe. After all, it does not move either from its spot or around its own axis.

  8. The Geocentric Model If reason and experience both support the geocentric model of the Universe, why shouldn’t we accept it as scientifically true?

  9. Retrograde Motion of Mars How does this happen? Sometimes a sphere within a sphere rotates backwards in the geocentric universe. This accounts perfectly for our observations.

  10. The Epicycle This approach accounts for the observed movement of the planets.

  11. Reason and Observation Do reason and observation support only one world view? If not… How are they different from religion? Why think the view you’ve adopted is correct?

  12. Is science over? The development of the geocentric and geostatic view of the universe progressed as science progresses now. So why think that we currently have everything right?

  13. The Heliocentric Model Copernicus—astronomical revolutionary!

  14. The Sun Where is it, in relation to the Earth? Why do you believe as you do? Evidence?

  15. Evidence—or Authority? Do you yourself have evidence for your living in a heliocentric universe—or do you just take it on trust from authority figures? If the latter…. How are you any different from people who accepted the authority of the Church?

  16. Galileo—Escaper from the Cave! Would you want to be like Galileo, or like his colleagues who refused to look through the telescope? Which do you resemble in your own life? Have you ever spoken up for what you believe to be true, even if everyone around you would have opposed you?

  17. Should Galileo have been tortured? Should Galileo have submitted to torture rather than publicly recant his views? Why not, if standing up for what you believe is so important?

  18. Kepler’s Model A painful transition!

  19. If the universe is infinitely large… …where is Heaven and Hell? And if the Earth is just one of many planets, why are humans special in any way?

  20. Plato and the Church Why might Plato agree with the Church’s persecution of heretics such as Giordano Bruno? Don’t you think that people who have a lot of influence over others should be accountable for their actions—including their possible adverse effects?

  21. Rene Descartes Can scientific discovery coexist with Catholic doctrine?

  22. Cartesian Doubt How can doubting help you find Truth?

  23. Have your senses ever fooled you? So how do you know that they’re not fooling you now? Indeed—how do you know that your sense have fooled you? Did you test them with your other senses? Why believe that those senses were not fooling you?

  24. DREAMS Could you be dreaming now? How do you know? REALLY?

  25. If you can’t trust your senses… …to give you accurate information about physical objects, then how can you trust the physical sciences to lead you to the Truth?

  26. Are you deceived? Could you, right now, be being deceived about everything—including mathematical truths—by an “evil genius”?

  27. Are you in the Matrix?

  28. How do you know?

  29. Are you in the Matrix?

  30. How do you know?

  31. Can you doubt that you are thinking?

  32. Do you believe that there are other people in this room? WHY?

  33. Moving beyond solipcism What ideas do you have? Where do they come from? Could any of them have come from nothing? Do any of them have any content that couldn’t have come from a finite being such as yourself?

  34. Chaos! Do you think that complexity can be generated from simplicity? How?

  35. Look at the desk in front of you. What do you experience? The desk—or the sensation of the desk?

  36. If you only experience the sensation of the desk….. ….why believe that the way that the desk appears to you is the way that it really is?

  37. Do you agree with Descartes that we should refrain from making judgments about things until all the facts are in? Do you always abide by this principle? Why might you be tempted to violate it?

  38. The External World! Do you now have reason to believe that the external world exists?

  39. What are you? What do you think you are made of?

  40. Are you embodied? Are you a thinking being?

  41. Cartesian Dualism How do your mind and body interact, if they are utterly distinct substances?

  42. Descartes and Wondrous Distress Are you persuaded by Descartes? If not….. ….how can you save science from skepticism?

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