'Lens waveguide' presentation slideshows

Chapter 2 the propagation of rays and beams

Chapter 2 the propagation of rays and beams. Introduction:

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So we have :

from above, we know that the general solution can be taken as a linear superposition of and. the condition for a stable( ??? ) ray is that be a real number,? the necessary and sufficient condition for to be real is that:.

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Chapter 2. The Propagation of Rays and Beams

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