NRS 453: Investigation of Narcotics & Abuse of Controlled Substances

1. NRS 453: Investigation of Narcotics & Abuse of Controlled Substances

2. Performance Objectives Refer to POST Performance Objectives

3. Controlled Substances • A drug or substance or immediate precursor listed in schedules I through V, inclusive.

4. Drug Defined: • NRS 453.081  “Drug” defined. •       1.  “Drug” means substances: •       (a) Recognized as drugs in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; •       (b) Intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in humans or animals; •       (c) Other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the bodies of humans or animals; and •       (d) Intended for use as a component of any article specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (c). •       2.  “Drug” does not include devices or their components, parts or accessories.

5. Drug Paraphenalia • NRS 453.554  “Drug paraphernalia” defined. •       1.  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2, as used in NRS 453.554 to 453.566, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, “drug paraphernalia” means all equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. The term includes, but is not limited to: •       (a) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived; •       (b) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing or preparing controlled substances; •       (c) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance; •       (d) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances; •       (e) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances; •       (f) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances; •       (g) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining marijuana; •       (h) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances; •       (i) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances; •       (j) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances; and •       (k) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as: •              (1) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls; •              (2) Water pipes; •              (3) Smoking masks; •              (4) Roach clips, which are objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand; •              (5) Cocaine spoons and cocaine vials; •              (6) Carburetor pipes and carburetion tubes and devices; •              (7) Chamber pipes; •              (8) Electric pipes; •              (9) Air-driven pipes; •              (10) Chillums; •              (11) Bongs; and •              (12) Ice pipes or chillers. •       2.  The term does not include any type of hypodermic syringe, needle, instrument, device or implement intended or capable of being adapted for the purpose of administering drugs by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection.

6. The four major classifications ofaltering physiological and or psychological performance • Central Nervous System Stimulants • Central Nervous System Depressants • Psychedelics ( Hallucinogens) • Inhalants

7. Schedule I: • ___________________________ • ___________________________ Very High Potential for Abuse No Recognized Medical Benefit

8. Schedule II: • ______________________________ • ______________________________ • ____________________________________________________________ High Potential for Abuse Accepted as Having Medical Benefits Abuse may lead to a severe psychological or physical dependence

9. Schedule III through V: • _______________________ • _______________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Lesser potential for abuse Accepted as having medical benefits Abuse may lead to moderate to low physical dependence or high psychological dependence

10. All Schedule I – V substances are evaluated on the following factors: • On-set: the amount of time it takes to feel the effect. • Duration: how long the feeling lasts • Severity: the intensity, initial rush, and sustained level of euphoria. • May also include the impact the substance has on vital functions: heart rate, respiration, judgment, etc. • Potential for dependence.

11. Dependence can be either: • Psychological – ____________________________________ Or • Physiological – ____________________________________ An overwhelming craving to re-experience A dependence created by the body

12. PDRPhysician’s Desk Reference - The easiest way to identify a legally manufactured controlled substance. ________________________________________________________________

13. NRS 453 Interpreted • The law is “applied and construed as to effectuate general purpose and to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of such sections among those states which enact it.”

14. Narcotic Drug Defined: • Opium • Opium Poppy • Synthetic Opiate • Poppy straw • Coca leaves • Cocaine

15. Drug Classifications: • Stimulants – (Amphetamines, Methamphetamine, Ecstasy, Cocaine) accelerate the central nervous system. • Depressants – Barbiturates, Valium, Quaalude • Hallucinogens – PCP, LSD, Mushrooms, Mescaline • Inhalants – Paint Thinner, Glue, Butyl Nitrate. • Opiates- Opium, Heroin, Vicodin

16. Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the hemp plant. • Known as pot, herb, grass, weed, Mary Jane, gangster, reefer, blunt, chronic, and some 200 other names. • The most popular and widespread controlled substance in the world. • First officially recorded use was in China in 2737 BC. • Its primary psychoactive ingredient is THC (Tetrahydrocannibinol delta nine).

17. Marijuana defined: • All parts of any plant of the genus Cannabis, whether growing or not; • The seeds thereof; • The resin extracted from any part; and • Every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds, or resin.

18. Short Term Effects:… the effects of Marijuana are influenced by users expectations and past experiences. • Low Dosage: • Euphoria • Heightened sensory experiences • Hallucinations • Fantasies • Paranoia • Laid-back attitude • Moderate Dosage: • Dryness of the mouth • Red eyes • Impaired motor skills • Memory loss • Attention lapses • “Munchies” • Feelings of depersonalization

19. Long Term Effects: • Bronchitis • emphysema • bronchial asthma • sore throats • Coughs • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Increased heart rate • Increased risk to lungs • Short term memory loss • Glaucoma • Suppressed immune system • Decrease in testosterone • Decreased sperm count • Abnormal sperm • Impaired fetal growth and development • Physical dependency leads to subsequent use of cocaine and heroine

20. Marijuana • Marijuana stays in the body longer than any other substance. • THC adheres to fat cells, providing a slower release from the body. • Fat soluble at a rate of about 20:1

21. NRS 453.336: PenaltiesA person who violates this section shall be punished: For the first or second offense, for a category E felony (imprisonment in the state prison for a minimum term of not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 4 years). For a third or subsequent offense, for a category D felony (not less than 1 year and a maximum term of not more than 4 years, and a fine of not more than $5,000), and may be further punished by a fine of not more than $20,000.

22. Opiates: • Heroin • Morphine • Codeine • Hydromorhpone (Dilaudid) • Oxycodone (Percodan) • Meperidine (Demerol)

23. Heroin Heroin (Diacetylmorphine), introduced in the early 1900’s by Adolph von Bayer as a cough inhibitor, was claimed harmless. Many turned to Heroin as an alternative legal opiate and a way to eliminate morphine addiction.

24. Skin Popping Censor

26. Constricted (pinpoint) Pupils

27. Cocaine • Since 7000 B.C. it is believed that the Incans had chewed the leaves of the coca (a Gift from the Gods), which greatly assisted their existence in the high altitudes of the Andes by enabling their more efficient absorption of oxygen and alleviating the other physical stresses associated with the thin atmosphere.

28. Cocaine’s Effects on the Brain: • It tricks the brain into thinking it has received something good by interfering with dopamine pathways. • It inhibits the brain’s ability to feel normal without cocaine.

29. Cocaine’s Effects on the Body: • Snorting destroys the nasal passages. • Blood pressure, heart and breathing rate, and body temperature all increase. • Dizziness, cramps, infection – from reduced blood supply to the intestines.

30. Cocaine’s Effects on the Body: • Liver damage. • Coughing and shortness of breath. • Psychosis. • Strokes, brain seizures, respiratory failure, heart attack, convulsions, and death.

31. Amphetamines • Act on the central nervous system, inducing exhilarating feelings of power, strength, energy, self-assertion, focus and enhanced motivation.

33. Methamphetamine • Methamphetamine considered a “power drug” by users, is typically followed by prolonged depression and fatigue.

34. Effects of using Amphetamine / Methamphetamine

35. ICE • re-crystallized Methamphetamine hydrochloride, a potent stimulant. Ice will dissolve in water and break down to smaller particles.

36. PCP • Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine, is a single drug that forms a distinct category of its own, acting like an hallucinogen; and, it is frequently classed as an hallucinogen in medical texts and scientific / research reports.

37. LSD • One of the most potent mind-altering chemicals known. • Also the most dangerous psychedelic available. • A white, odorless powder usually taken orally, its effects are highly variable beginning within one hour and generally last between 8-12 hours, gradually tapering off.

38. Pupil Dilation:

39. GHB • Gamma-hydroxy-butyrate • Fast acting CNS depressant. • Originally used as a sleep inducer. • Now used as a date rape drug.

40. Ecstasy (MDMA) • (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) • Many characteristics of amphetamines • Has some of the effects of a ‘psychedelic’ drug.

41. GBL • Gamma-butyl-lactone • Became active in 1999 • A pro-drug of GHB • An active ingredient in liquid paint thinner. • Quickly formulated into a mint flavored elixir for rave clubs. • Popular in Rave clubs • Street name “Nitro” • Used as a date rape drug.

42. What percentage of people have used the following drugs?

43. Reported Drug and alcohol use by high school seniors, 2006 Used within the last 12 months 30 days Drug: Alcohol 66.5% 45.3% Marijuana 31.5 18.3 Opiates 9.0 3.8 Stimulants 8.1 3.7 Sedatives 6.6 3.0 Tranquilizers 6.6 2.7 Cocaine 5.7 2.5 Hallucinogens 4.9 1.5 Inhalants 4.5 1.5 Steroids 1.8 0.4 Source: Press release: Teen drug use continues down in 2006

44. Reported Drug use by percent of all college students, 1995-2005 Marijuana—1995 2000 2005 31.2% 34.0% 33.3% Cocaine— 1995 2000 2005 3.6% 4.8% 5.7% Alcohol— 1995 2000 2005 49.8% 46.3% 48.7%

45. Institutional Drugs Common ways Drugs are introduced into the institutions: -Visting (most common) -Family members / Friends -Staff members -Left in outside trash cans / drop points in which inmates have access too. -Brought over from minimum custody inmates who work in town

46. Questions?