1 / 45

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Learn about the protective parts of the CNS, the structure and function of the spinal cord, and the development of the brain. Explore the bones and meninges that protect the CNS, as well as the role of cerebrospinal fluid and the different lobes of the brain.

sdiana
Download Presentation

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  2. Right Brain non-verbal Concrete Holistic (big pic) Intuitive spontaneous Left Brain Logical Language Verbal Sequential/linear (Math) Abstract…math/science Planner Brain Dominance http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

  3. Objectives • To learn protective parts/features of CNS • To learn structure and function of the Spinal Cord • To understand the brain structure and function as well as development.

  4. Protection of the CNS • Bones • Meninges

  5. Protection of the CNS • The brain & spinal cord are protected by bones, membranes, and fluid A. Bones • *8 skull bones encase the brain • *30 vertebrae encase the spinal cord

  6. Can you name the bones?

  7. B.) Meninges - Membranes surrounding CNS • 3 Layers encasing the brain • a.) Dura mater • outermost membrane: attached to periosteum of the skull • contains many blood vessels & nerves • tough, white fibrous connective tissue

  8. b.) Arachnoid Mater • middle layer • thin net-like membrane • No blood vessels • Sub-arachnoid space lies deep to this layer and is filled with CSF which serves as a cushion for brain

  9. c.) Pia Mater inner layer that clings to brain surface very thin delicate connective tissue many nerves & blood vessels = nourishment dips into grooves and contours inner layer that clings to brain surface erves & blood vessels = nourishment dips into grooves and contours

  10. Meningitis • What does the word Mean? • Caused by: • Bacteria or virus • Affects: • Mainly arachnoid and pia maters • Younger or older generations • People with suppressed immune systems • Complications of disease: • Loss of vision, hearing paralysis, mental retardation…death

  11. C. Ventricles • Interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem • Continuous with central canal of spinal cord • Filled with CSF cerebral spinal fluid

  12. D. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • Secreted by Choroid Plexus • Circulation: Ventricles 1&2 --> 3rd --> 4th --> central canal --> reabsorbed into bloodstream • Approx. 1 liter is secreted daily: Secreted and reabsorbed continuously • Functions: cushion & circulation of nutrients/wastes

  13. The BrainStructures and Functions

  14. Brain Lobes

  15. Forebrainprosencepahlon • Includes hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum

  16. Midbrainmesencephalon • Connects cerebrum to spinal cord • Reflex center for eye and some head movements

  17. Hindbrainrhombencephalon • Cerebellum • Medulla oblongata • Pons

  18. Cerebrum • Largest part of brain • Contains many folds and bumbs • Sulci vs. gyri • Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and R • Responsible for reasoning, intellectual fxn and critical thinking

  19. Right Brain non-verbal Concrete Holistic (big pic) Intuitive spontaneous Left Brain Verbal Sequential/linear Abstract…math/science Logical Planner Brain Dominance http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

  20. Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS Memory, attn, thought processes, language Cerebral Cortex

  21. cerebellum • Regulates balance • body position • Posture • Muscle coordination

  22. Medulla oblongata • Vital Reflex center • Visceral activities: • blood pressure, respiratory • cardiac • Part of the brain stem • Injuries often fatal

  23. Corpus callosum • Deep bridge of nerve fibers • Connects L and R brain • Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood

  24. Optic chiasma

  25. Limbic System

  26. Limbic • Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala • Important in emotions and formation of memories

  27. Hypothalamus Part of diencephalon Secretes hormones Dopamine, oxytocin, growth hormones Regulates body temp, heart rate, hunger/weight, alertness Center involved with emotion Limbic

  28. Thalamus Part of diencephalon Motor control Receives visual and auditory senses

  29. Pineal gland • Produces melatonin; controls circadian rhythm • Size of a pea; 8mm • Think about it… • Stimulated by dark • Inhibited by light

  30. c Pineal body

  31. Pituitary gland • Endocrine gland; secretes hormones • Examples • growth hormones; • regulate breast milk production; sexual hormones • possibly blood pressure

  32. Pons • b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata • Regulates rate and depth of breathing • Homeostatic mechanisms

  33. Mammillary body • Named for resemblance of 2 breast • Associated with memory • Damaged by alcoholic intoxication

  34. Hippocampus • Part of limbic system • Emotions, inhibition • Long term memory • Alzheimer’s disease • First to be damaged If damaged, what do you predict would be the results?

  35. Reticular formation • Brainstem and diencephalon • Alertness, arousal, sensory integration, motivation • connects to areas in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex and cerebellum http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

More Related