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Demonstrate Understanding of Carbon Cycling

Demonstrate Understanding of Carbon Cycling. Science A.S. 1.14. Carbon. Widely distributed in nature Found in stars, planets, comets Diamond, graphite and compounds (many vital for life) CO 2 (atmosphere and dissolved in water) Carbonates (rocks like limestone)

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Demonstrate Understanding of Carbon Cycling

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  1. Demonstrate Understanding of Carbon Cycling Science A.S. 1.14

  2. Carbon • Widely distributed in nature • Found in stars, planets, comets • Diamond, graphite and compounds (many vital for life) • CO2 (atmosphere and dissolved in water) • Carbonates (rocks like limestone) • Hydrocarbons (methane, coal, oil and plastics)

  3. Carbon Cycle Game

  4. Addition of Carbon Natural • Respiration (animal/ plant) • Decay • Volcanic activity Anthropogenic (man made) • Combustion

  5. Respiration • Conversion of “fuel” into energy by “burning” with oxygen • Plants and animals do this • They use the energy for life processes • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

  6. Greenhouse gases http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_1.htm

  7. Decay • Animals and plants are made of carbon. • When they die decomposing microbes break them down to produce energy. • If oxygen is present the carbon is recycled as carbon dioxide. • If no oxygen is present methane is produced. Decay video

  8. Volcanic activity • Carbon can be locked away for a long time as rock. • It is returned to the atmosphere via volcanic eruptions. http://www.topnews.in/usa/why-tectonic-plates-move-way-they-do-24873

  9. Volcanic eruptions release CO2 http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/volcanoes/2/2

  10. Volcanic Activity • Volcanic eruptions release water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. • 1986 a large leakage of naturally sequestered carbon dioxide rose from Lake Nyos in Cameroon and asphyxiated 1,700 people. • Long term process for CO2 addition.

  11. Fossil fuel burning atmosphericCO2 Combustion • Fossil fuel + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy • Complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces CO2

  12. Breathing earth http://nirantaradrusti.wordpress.com/2010/01/15/greenhouse-effect/

  13. West coast logging

  14. Removal of Carbon • May be long or short term carbon “sinks” Natural • Photosynthesis (s) • Dissolving in oceans (s) • Formation of rock (l) Anthropogenic • Scrubbers (l/s) • Nanotube filters (s)

  15. Carbon dioxide and the oceans http://www.niwa.co.nz/__data/assets/image/0006/49443/gas2_large.jpg

  16. Areas of Photosynthesis

  17. Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Green plants use the Sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into food. • Deforestation impacts on photosynthesis. • Phytoplankton undertake most photosynthesis.

  18. Plankton capture carbon dioxide and form limestone Green machine http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/OA/OA1.jpg

  19. CO2 + H2O CO32- + 2H+ CO32- + Ca2+ CaCO3 (increasing acid breaks down shells) Dissolving in Oceans • Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to produce acid. • The decrease in pH will be bad for coral and shellfish. • Absorption of CO2 by the oceans helps lessen the climatic effects of man’s emissions.

  20. Forming Rock • CO2 reacts with metal oxides to produce stable carbonates (limestone) • This process takes ages! • The carbon can be “locked away” for a long time. • Carbon can also be stored as coal.

  21. Pancake rocks Caves http://www.easytickets.com.sg/Honeymoon%20Packages/New/Pages/NZ/NZ%20Romance%20in%20the%20South.html

  22. Limestone formations Harwood’s Hole • Limestone is a sedimentary rock made from shells. • Water dissolves Limestone producing sinkholes and caves. • calcium carbonate formations of stalactites, stalagmites are common.

  23. Carbon Capture (sequestration) • Stopping CO2 from entering the atmosphere (costly) Filters • Carbon nanotubes are 1/50,000th of the width of a human hair. • They are made into filters to capture CO2 from industrial chimneys. Geological • CO2 is injected into older oil fields to extract more oil. • It could be trapped for millions of years. • Cement production also captures CO2

  24. The global carbon cycle involves the earth's atmosphere, fossil fuels, the oceans, and the vegetation and soils of the earth's terrestrial ecosystems [Figure 2].

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