Kennan Kellaris Salinero Interactive dialogue @ University of California, Berkeley

1. THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE: WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR YOU? Kennan Kellaris Salinero Interactive dialogue @ University of California, Berkeley November 15, 2011

2. Science – End of an Era? Lifting the Veil: The Feminine Face of Science

3. ‘Science the Endless Frontier’ A Report to President Roosevelt, July 1945byVannevar Bush*(*Science Advisor to President Roosevelt during World War II) Vannevar Bush’s 1945 Proposal for growth of US scientific capability: Combined graduate education and basic research “Publicly and privately supported colleges and universities and the endowed research institutes must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and the trained research workers.”

4. It worked then….and now? • “Can an effective program be proposed for discovering and developing scientific talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientific research in this country may be assured on a level comparable to what has been done during the war?” from Science the Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush (1946) • Fifty years later: “The 50 years since the end of World War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life sciences.“ from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)

5. A growing need for STEM education…. “16 of the 20 occupations with the largest projected growth in the next decade are STEM related, but only 4 of them require an advanced degree.”* *from Lacey, T.A. and Wright, B. (2009). Occupational employment projections to 2018. Monthly Labor Review, 132 (11), 82-123

6. K-12 STEM…and on to college: communication gap “What postsecondary instructors expect entering college students to know is far more targeted and specific than what high school teachers view as important.”

7. Hew and Cry for more STEM education Yes— But what is happening with the most educated (PhD and above)? Yet it is a golden age for scientific research – who wouldn’t want to be a scientist?

8. Not a new debate This Issue Paper was delivered at the National Academies GUIRR Pan-Organizational Summit on the U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce, November 12, 2002.

9. At the PhD Level: C. N. Fuhrmann, D. G. Halme,* P. S. O’Sullivan, and B. Lindstaedt University of California, San Francisco Improving Graduate Education to Support a Branching Career Pipeline: Recommendations Based on a Survey of Doctoral Students in the Basic Biomedical Sciences CBE—Life Sciences Education Vol. 10, 239–249, Fall 2011

10. Education: The PhD factory The world is producing more PhDs than ever before. Is it time to stop? David Cyranoski , Natasha Gilbert , Heidi Ledford , Anjali Nayar & Mohammed Yahia Published online 20 April 2011 | Nature 472, 276-279 (2011) | doi:10.1038/472276a

11. Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science and Engineering Pipeline *October 2009 Study of labor statistics, high school test scores since 1972 by B. Lindsay Lowell Hal Salzman Hamutal Bernstein Everett Henderson presented at:Association for Public PolicyAnalysis and ManagementWashington, D.C. November 7, 2009

12. Leadership is Calling for Change • Shirley Tilghman, scientist and President, Princeton University – study highlighting crisis in scientific training pipeline National Academy of Sciences ‘Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists’ 1998 study chaired by Dr. Tilghman • Bruce Alberts Science editorial on “Overbuilding Research Capacity” Science 10 September 2010: Vol. 329 p. 1257 Both call for downsizing of graduate school programs – yet their recommendations remain largely ignored

13. What’s happening in other countries? • Beyond dialog - James Wilsdon & Rebecca Willis, Demos ‘See Through Science’ • http://www.nanoandsociety.com/framing/papers/SeeThroughScience.pdf

14. United Kingdom, con’d…-Sir Roland Jackson, chair, ‘Science for All’ • Beyond open space http://www.britishscienceassociation.org/NR/rdonlyres/D6B1ACFC-2F42-4F07-A5D1-938E1D83F3ED/0/ScienceforAllFinalReport.pdf

15. What’s happening in other industries? • Beyond shared resources • Derek Neighbors, Gangplank, Chandler Arizona (relationships with Arizona State University)

16. What’s Happening in Silicon Valley? from http://www.executivebrief.com/agile/scrum-agile-teams-building-performance-development/

17. What’s Happening in Universities? “Collaboration can be one of the most difficult and challenging human endeavors. Part of this difficulty is related to Western philosophies and values (to speak in the most generic terms) that celebrate the individual and structure institutions to support individual activity” -from Kezar and Lester and references there-in

18. NSF: Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program 81 percent of IGERT PIs said the IGERT grant did not result in changes in criteria for faculty promotion, tenure, or merit awards at their university or other universities participating in their project. from Chapter 5: Impact of IGERT Institutions http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2006/nsf0617/nsf0617_7.pdf

19. NSF CREATIV grants • Launched last week (11/9/11) • In response to internal and external concerns over perceived risk-averse funding • Interdisciplinary • High risk

20. Overloading an already full plate “No one is concentrating just on research anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs now.” – Anne Giersch From “Broken Pipeline?” http://www.brokenpipeline.org/

21. Rise in Interest in Communication • Alan Alda’s Center for Communicating Science • http://www.centerforcommunicatingscience.org/ • EMBO’s Laboratory Management training workshops • http://www.embo.org/programmes/courses-workshops/lab-management-courses.html • Improv workshops – various • NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education (OITE)

22. Rise in Interest from the Public • Bay Area Science Festival • A first for the bay area: Oct 29-Nov 6 2011 • IPSEC conference February 2011 • Enormous rise in numbers of science cafés, science festivals world-wide

23. Rise in Interest in Policy • AAAS Science Policy fellows • Initiated by the fellows • Begun in 1972 • California Science Policy fellow program • Begun in 2009 Photo source: http://med.stanford.edu/careercenter/ highlights/files/AAASppt.2.13.07.pdf Photo source: http://www.ccst.us/news/2010/20100104fellows.php

24. Scientists and Policy…Interactions with the Public • Pure Scientist • Focuses on research with absolutely no consideration of its use or utility • Issues Advocate • Focuses on the implications of research for a particular political agenda • Science Arbiter • Recognizes that decision makers may have specific questions needing judgment of experts • Honest Broker • Engages in decision-making by clarifying, and, at times, seeking to expand the scope of choice available Common confusion: value-judgment vs information-judgment

25. Communication as a Two-Way Street Chris Mooney Randy Olson

26. Rise in Team-Driven Leadership • Trust as a necessary basis for team-work • Development of self • Development of the Group • Supporting the success of all