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Animal Body Plans

Animal Body Plans. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification. Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization. Kingdom Animalia. Symmetry Unorganized Radial Bilateral Cellular organization Tissues, organs, systems. Kingdom Animalia.

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Animal Body Plans

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  1. Animal Body Plans

  2. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization

  3. Kingdom Animalia Symmetry Unorganized Radial Bilateral Cellular organization Tissues, organs, systems

  4. Kingdom Animalia coelom digestive tube Coelom Body cavity or not Digestive system None, 1 or 2 openings, how

  5. Kingdom Animalia Segmentation Repetition of body parts Cephalization Development of a “head end”

  6. What to Remember Match with common name General characteristics Special evolutionary features General evolutionary location

  7. Geologic Time Scale Millions of Years end of dinosaurs 1st dinosaur 1st reptiles 1st amphibians 1st land plants 1st fish Edicarian 570 1st invertebrates

  8. Ediacaran Fauna: distinctive group of fossils dating from and existing only during Precambrian time • 600 mya • Australia's Ediacara Hills • Environment: shallow seas • Description: soft bodies; worms, cnideria • May be an evolutionary dead end

  9. Reconstruction of the sea floor during the Vendian times when the Ediacaran organisms thrived

  10. Ediacaran Fauna(600-540 MYBP)end of Precambrian era

  11. Ediacaran Seas Sea pens Mostly cnidarians and worms

  12. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Burgess Shale

  13. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation(540 MYBP) Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

  14. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation(540 MYBP) Anomalocaris Waptia Trilobite Vauxia Hallucigenia Opabinia Wixwaxia Dinomischus Drawings based on fossils collected from Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

  15. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Feeding tentacles Hallucigena spines Similar to a sea urchin An explosion of body plans

  16. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Pikaia- earliest known chordate

  17. Anomalocaris Wiwaxia Burgess Shale Fauna(540-530 MYBP Waptia Opabinia

  18. Living Invertebrates

  19. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Platyhelminthes Porifera Mollusca Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Cnideria Nematoda Echinodermata pseudocoelom segmentation acoelom Protostome: schizocoelem Deuterostomes: eucoelom radial symmetry bilateral symmetry no true tissues true tissue Ancestral Protist

  20. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

  21. Major Stages of Animal Development • gametogenesis • fertilization • cleavage • blastula • gastrulation • differentiation and morphogenesis

  22. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

  23. Protostome vs Deuterostome Blastula • Protostome: blastopore becomes mouth • Deuterostome: blastopore becomes anus Blastopore

  24. What is a Phylum?

  25. Some Examples of Animal Phyla • Phylum Cnidaria • sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids • Phylum Mollusca • snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids • Phylum Arthropoda • spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes • Phylum Echinodermata • sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies • Phylum Chordata • sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

  26. Phylum Chordata

  27. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals • Symmetry • Primary Germ Layers • Gut Organization • Body Cavity • Segmentation • Skeletal Systems • Circulatory Systems • Appendages • Coloniality

  28. Symmetry • Asymmetry • Radial Symmetry • Bilateral Symmetry

  29. Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

  30. Radial Symmetry JellyfishPhylum Cnidaria

  31. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea StarsPhylum Echinodermata

  32. Bilateral Symmetry SlugPhylum Mollusca

  33. Bilateral Symmetry SquidPhylum Mollusca

  34. Primary Germ Layers Mesoderm • None • Diploblastic • Triploblast gut Ectoderm Endoderm

  35. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers • Ectoderm • hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves • Mesoderm • notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle • Endoderm • internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

  36. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  37. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  38. Germ Layer Patterns Endoderm Diploblastic gut Ectoderm

  39. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

  40. Germ Layer Patterns Mesoderm Triploblastic: 3 germ layers gut Ectoderm Endoderm acoelomate

  41. Gut Organization • No Gut • Blind Sac Gut • Complete Gut

  42. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  43. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  44. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

  45. Complete Gut

  46. Body Cavities • Acoelomate • Eucoelomate • Pseudocoelomate

  47. Body Cavities Mesoderm Acoelomate- lacks cavity between gut and outer body wall gut Ectoderm Endoderm

  48. gut Body Cavities coelom Mesoderm Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm

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