Table of Contents

1. Table of Contents • Title: Chapter 2 - Mapping our World • Page #: 17 • Date: 9/19/2012

2. Objectective • Students will be able to locate lines of latitude on a map. • Students will be able to explain how lines of latitude are derived. • Students will be able to convert degrees, minutes and seconds into kilometers.

3. Words of the Day • Angle - A measure of rotation expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds. • Degree (º)- A measure of rotation. There are 360º in a circle. • Minute (’) - One sixtieth of a degree. • Second (”) - One sixtieth of a minute.

4. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude **Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.** Latitude Map - A flat model of the earth. Cartography - Science of making maps. Cartographers use a grid of parallel lines to locate exact point on Earth (coordinates.)

5. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude Equator - Horizontal line that separates the earth in half. Latitude - Lines that are parallel to the equator. (“Flatitude”) Measures distance in degrees away from the equator which is at 0º Latitude. North Pole = 90º North Latitude (above the equator.) South Pole = 90º South Latitude (below the equator.)

6. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude 90º North Latitude Northern Hemisphere Equator (0º Latitude) Southern Hemisphere 90º South Latitude

7. 45º North Latitude Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude + 45º angle O - 45º angle Where do degrees of Latitude come from? Earth is a sphere. The equator is the X-axis. Put sphere on an axis and measure the angle in degrees away from the origin O. 45º South Latitude

8. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude Degrees are divided into smaller units called “minutes.” ( ’ ) Minutes are divided into smaller units called “seconds.” ( ” ) Earth’s circumference = 40,000km. 1 Degree = 40,000km / 360º = 111km. 1 Minute = 1 degree / 60 = 111km / 60 = 1.85km. 1 Second = 1 minute / 60 = 1.85km / 60 = 0.031km.

9. Classwork • Read Daring Travelers complete questions.

11. Word of the Day • Nautical Mile: One minute of arc length of latitude or longitude at the equator, or 1852m.

12. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World2.1 Latitude and Longitude **Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.** Longitude - The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian: The prime meridian = 0º Longitude. It is a vertical line that runs through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England.

13. Lines of Longitude are not parallel. • They are semicircles from the North Pole to the South Pole. • Degrees Longitude are measured East and West of the Prime Meridian. Longitude

14. Degrees are measurements of distances between lines of longitude. • Distance change based on corresponding Latitude. • 1 Degree longitude at equator = 111km. • 1 Degree longitude at poles = 0km • Longitude is also divided into Minutes ( ’ ) and Seconds ( ” ). Degrees of Longitude

15. To locate an exact location you need both degrees Latitude and degrees Longitude. • A coordinate set: (Latitude, Longitude) • In the picture, Charlotte is located at (35º14’N,80º50’W) Coordinates:

16. Objective: Students will be able to add and subtract time. • Students will be able to convert local time to Greenwich Mean Time. Time Zones:

17. Because there are 24 hours in a day, there are 24 time zones. • Each time zone is 15º Longitude wide. • In the U.S. we have 6 time zones. Time Zones:

18. The International Date Line is the transition line for calendar days. • It is 180º opposite of the Prime Meridian. • If you cross it going west, you advance a day. • If you cross it going east, you go back a day.