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Psychodynamic Approach

Psychodynamic Approach. Associated with Sigmund Freud. What do you know already about the psychodynamic approach? Do you think there is an unconscious mind?  What evidence can you use to demonstrate its existence or non existence?

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Psychodynamic Approach

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  1. Psychodynamic Approach Associated with Sigmund Freud

  2. What do you know already about the psychodynamic approach? • Do you think there is an unconscious mind?  • What evidence can you use to demonstrate its existence or non existence? • What are Instincts?  Where do they come from? Which are we born with? • Are we basically selfish?  Is pleasure the most important thing in life? • Where do our feelings of guilt or anxiety come from? • Where do our thoughts come from? Why do certain situations trigger our emotions?

  3. Why Freud is important…. • Saw the importance of sex • Saw the importance of childhood • Created the first talking therapy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQh9LBIhjyM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAo_-jcfXUk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAtHpOM63ZQ

  4. Sigmund Freud….associated with • Unconscious Mind • Freudian Slips • Dreams • Psychological defence mechanisms • The structure of personality • Psychosexual development

  5. One Key assumption of the psychodynamic approach That a large part of the mind is ‘unconscious’ but it can affect our feelings, thoughts and behaviour

  6. Iceberg model of the mind . PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

  7. Pre-conscious: • Contains thoughts that can become conscious to us. • Thoughts arising from the unconscious that may at a later stage become conscious are stored here.

  8. Consciousness: • The Conscious State: Means all the mental processes that we are directly aware of at a given moment. • Thoughts that are suitable for us to be aware of pass from the unconscious to the conscience mind.

  9. Unconscious: • This part of the mind is NOT accessible and contains our inner drives and repressed experiences. • All thoughts start here • Biological instincts originate from here including unacceptable sexual thoughts. • It contains the Eros and Thanatos instincts including the Libido which can manifests into the sex drive. • Thoughts that do not go into the pre-conscious must be actively repressed- this is a dynamic process, although we are unaware of it happening.

  10. Unconscious: • Has no logic and makes no distinctions between reality and fantasy (carrying out sexual desires). • Unconscious thoughts try to actively get though to or consciousness. • Can use symbols such as in dreams. • Can hold two conflicting thoughts at the same time- eg. Feeling love and hate . • Influences behaviour in logical ways- or so Freud though- eg Freudian slips.

  11. Conscious Preconscious Unconscious

  12. Tri-partite personality

  13. ID: primitive part, contains energy to fulfil our instincts. e.g. Sexual and aggressive drives. Pleasure Principle. Defends conscious against displeasure. • EGO: Contacts with the external world. Functions to satisfy ID’s needs. Reality Principle. • SUPEREGO: Contains the ego-ideal which is a set of moral standards, it is the conscience which punishes bad behaviours and leads to guilt and anxiety

  14. Personality Id Super Ego Ego David…young gentlemen

  15. Another important assumption • The first 5 years of life are important to personality development • All children pass through the same 5 stages, if issues remain unresolved in any of these stages it can lead to later personality problems • Libido is sexual energy an instinctive energy. We are born with innate drives.

  16. 5 Psychosexual Stages • Freud said all children go through these stages of development. • The order cannot be changed • At each stage the libido (inborn energy) is concentrated in different parts of the body. • The child is driven to satisfy the libido since satisfaction gives pleasure. • What happens during these stages affects the adult personality.

  17. Psychosexual stages • We are all hedonistic- that is we are driven to satisfy the instinctual demands of the ID • Sources of pleasure are determined by the libido (life force) • As a child moves through different stages of development (psychosexual stages) the sources of pleasure change

  18. Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage (Oedipus and Electra complex) Latency stage Genital stage Psychosexual Development: Instinctual drives:

  19. The Psychosexual Stages • 1. The Oral stage –birth to about 18months • 2. The Anal Stage 18 months-3years • 3. The Phallic Stage 3-5 years • 4. Latency 5years-puberty • 5. Genital stage puberty onwards.

  20. Stages: • Each stage at a different time in development and is related to gratification of the ID form a different pleasure source. • Driven by Instinctual drives: • Thantos: death instinct, aggressive drives. • Eros: life instinct, sex drive/libido.

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0&feature=related Freud’s psychosexual stages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-NP__ExSSE&feature=related -defence mechanisms

  22. defence mechanisms • The ego uses when threatened by pressure from the Id and Superego.

  23. Defence Mechanisms: • Protect us from mentally disturbing, harmful thoughts- memories- experiences. • Unconscious mind holds onto harmful thoughts by using defence mechanisms such as repression. • These thoughts may stem form earlier life, such as abuse, or unresolved Oedipus complex and can effect us in later life.

  24. Denial Reaction formation Projection Regression Sublimation Displacement Repression Defence mechanism Is there any evidence for Defence Mechanisms?

  25. Penile Plethysmograph

  26. Adams et al 1996: Reaction Formation • Reaction Formation means adopting a view that is the direct opposite of true feelings. • Studied homophobic men watching gay porn. • Measured aggression levels and sexual arousal using questionnaire, self reports and physiological measures

  27. Results Adams et al 1996. • No difference in aggression. • No difference when viewing lesbians or heterosexual scenes. • BUT • 80% homophobic men were aroused when viewing gay scenes- compared to only 33% non-homophobic men. • Evidence for defence mechanism against being gay.

  28. Revealing inner thoughts: • Actively repressing inner thought takes up energy (psychic energy originates in the unconscious) • Thought are sublimated i.e. channelled into other forms • Freudian slips.Parapraxes • Dreams • Neurotic symptoms.

  29. Freudian slips • Things in our unconscious mind trying to slip into our consciousness, we substitute words for an indented one: eg: • Organism or orgasm • Love or hate • However has been criticised- do all mistakes have relevance to inner emotions? See U tube clip

  30. Top ten Freudian slips on TV http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEIslG2McpA

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