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SWWR4 Technical Rescue Training

SWWR4 Technical Rescue Training. Trench Rescue Awareness. Created by Chief Ward Knable, VFD. Class Objectives. At the completion of this course the student should be able to: Identify the role of awareness level personnel.

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SWWR4 Technical Rescue Training

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  1. SWWR4 Technical Rescue Training Trench Rescue Awareness Created by Chief Ward Knable, VFD

  2. Class Objectives At the completion of this course the student should be able to: • Identify the role of awareness level personnel. • Identify the primary priorities of technical rescue training instructors. • Identify the primary priority of fire department technical rescue training. • Identify skills and techniques used in trench rescue operations. • Identify the five components of size-up.

  3. Class Objectives Continued... • Identify equipment used in trench rescue. • Perform a risk/benefit analysis. • Perform a hazard assessment. • Identify the need for additional resources based on the scene size-up. • Implement a scene management system. • Determine whether a scene requires a rescue or a recovery.

  4. Trench Defined • A trench is defined as a temporary excavation in which the length of the bottom exceeds the width of the bottom, and where the hole is deeperthan it is wide. • The term “trench” is generally limited to excavations that are less than 15 feet wide at the bottom and less than 20 feet deep.

  5. Role of Awareness Level Personnel As of November 1998 the National Fire protection Association (NFPA) has adopted a rescue standard that addresses trench rescue as one of its components It is referred to as: NFPA 1670 Standard for Technical Rescue

  6. Role of Awareness Level Personnel Continued…NFPA 1670 Overview The NFPA 1670 Standard should encompass nearly all of a department or agencies rescue capabilities. The intent of this standard is to establish general guidelines for the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) in assessing hazards, identifying levels of operational capabilities, and establishing training documentation and response guidelines. The rescue disciplines are: • Water rescue • Rope rescue • Confined space rescue • Trench rescue • Building collapse rescue • Wilderness search and rescue • Vehicles and Machinery Rescue • Other rescue operations requiring specialized training

  7. Role of Awareness Level Personnel Continued…NFPA 1670 Overview Role Of Functional Capability NFPA 1670 identifies three levels of functional capability for technical rescue. The three levels are: • AWARENESS -At the Awareness level the responder has the necessary knowledge to recognize and identify a problem and understand the hazards associated with a technical rescue situation. The responder will make an assessment of the situation, attempt to isolate the problem, and know how to summon assistance. Actions taken by responders at the awareness level are defensive in nature and generally should pose low or no risk to the responder. Responders at this level are generally not considered rescuers.

  8. Role of Awareness Level Personnel Continued…NFPA 1670 Overview Role Of Functional Capability • OPERATIONS - At the Operations level a responder has the skills, abilities, and knowledge of the Awareness level, and the added capacity to take limited action utilizing basic, common skills, and tools. The responder at the Operations level can make a higher level of risk assessment than at the Awareness level and take actions to stabilize the technical rescue situation and to assist technician level responders prepare for and complete rescue tasks. Actions taken at the Operations level are generally of a limited offensive nature and generally at low to moderate risk to the responder.

  9. Role of Awareness Level Personnel Continued…NFPA 1670 Overview Role Of Functional Capability • TECHNICIAN - At the Technician level a responder has the skills, abilities, and knowledge of the Awareness and Operations level, and the added capacity to take positive action with specialized tools, skills, and knowledge. Responders at the Technician level can make a higher level of risk assessment than at the Operations level. Actions taken at the Technician level are generally offensive in nature and may pose a greater risk to the responder.

  10. Role of Awareness Level Personnel The Awareness level instruction contains minimal skill components. Students will perform in a minimal capacity as rescuers. The course is designed to develop “knowledge” competencies within the areas of: • Response • Basic Rules and SAFETY • Hazard recognition and mitigation procedures • Initial Rescue Actions • SIZE-UP • Risk Assessment • On Scene Actions • Activation Procedures for Trench Rescue Response • Site Control and Scene Management • Low Risk Rescue Operations

  11. Primary Priorities of Technical Rescue Training and Response Successful rescues are a mixture of four things: • Training • Practice • Experience • Judgment

  12. Primary Priorities of Technical Rescue Training and Response cont... All rescues should be performed within the following rescue priorities: • SELF - Your first priority is to your own safety. Your ability to stay out of trouble and to self rescue if necessary

  13. Primary Priorities of Technical Rescue Training and Response cont... • TEAM - Your second priority is to your team. The safety of the team should be assured before proceeding with any operation.

  14. Primary Priorities of Technical Rescue Training and Response cont... • VICTIM - Third priority, only after ensuring the safety of yourself and the team, should you attempt to rescue the victim.self-sacrifice in rescue services is traditional and commendable… and a useless waste. Rescue instructors would rather appear as expert witnesses to testify why nothing was done, than as to why a rescuer was injured or died.

  15. Primary Priorities of Technical Rescue Training and Response cont... • FINALY - utilize the lowest risk rescue methods first, while setting up higher risk rescue methods as next alternatives

  16. The Rescue Triangle Training Equipment Capabilities

  17. Order of the four main priorities that must be met to successfully perform a rescue L-A-S-T L = Locate the Victim A = Access the Victim S = Stabilize the Victim T = Transport the Victim

  18. Should be used in developing your Think - Plan - Act Model The Five Components of Size-Up • Facts • Probabilities • Own Situation • Decisions • Plan of Operation

  19. The Five Components of Size-Up Continued... FACTS WHAT IS HAPPENING ? • Time of Day • Day of Week • Number of Victims • The Victims Situation,Access, Egress • Past Site History • And Other Known Facts

  20. The Five Components of Size-Up Continued... PROBABILITIES WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IF NOTHING IS DONE ? • Determining the probable course of events allows the rescuer to make decisions about safety, resource needs and rescue methods

  21. The Five Components of Size-Up Cont. OWN SITUATION WHAT OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE WITH EXISTING RESOURCES ? • Should not be confused with the FACTS component. Your own situation may be adequate for a simple victim assisted rescue but overwhelmed with multiple victims. When determining your own situation, consider: • Resources on hand • Your physical safety • What other resources are available and how timely • What training level do on site personnel posses

  22. The Five Components of Size-Up Continued... DECISIONS CHOSE AN OPTION ? • Controllable with on-site resources • Request additional resources • Situation is a recovery - slow down the operation Remember that initial decisions and subsequent decisions will directly relate to the outcome of the overall incident success. ALSO Remember that size-up is on-going

  23. The Five Components of Size-Up Continued... Plan of Operation HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THE OPTION ? • Decisions can only be made by identifying the overall incident problems - THINK • Valid plans can only be executed using sound decisions - PLAN • Decisions determine actions - ACT • New information regarding the facts, probabilities, your own situation, results of previous decisions or the failure of your initial plan may necessitate application of “PLAN B”, be prepared! • “Plan for the worst, hope for the best.”

  24. Hazard Assessment ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE ALL HAZARDS THAT MAY EFFECT THE INCIDENT • As an awareness level responder your job is to recognize the hazards, to avoid them, and to obtain the resources necessary to deal with them. • The first responder WILL NOT MAKE ENTRY INTO THE TRENCH!

  25. Unstable Equipment Unknown Sink Holes 12 feet

  26. Equipment Used in Trench Rescue • Ground Pads • Air Monitors • Shielding/Shoring • Hand Tools • Boom Truck • Vactor Truck

  27. GROUND PADS

  28. COFFIN BOX

  29. SHIELDING: Air Shore Struts Low Pressure Air Bag Air Shore Strut Poor Helpless Soul

  30. Paratech Struts Low Pressure Air Bag

  31. Initial Response • Truck Company (s) • TRT 5 • Tech. Rescue Team Leader • City/County Ops trench rescue team, (which includes all equipment, currently up in the air) • Law enforcement • Utility and/or locator company

  32. Rules and Safety • Non-essential personnel 50’ from edge • Establish Hot and Warm zones • With exception of essential apparatus, no vehicles allowed within 150’ of of the collapse area. Shut down apparatus if possible. • Stop or re-route traffic a minimum of 300 feet from collapse area. • Establish staging 150’ from collapse area.

  33. Initial Rescue Actions • SIZE-UP: Announce what you have: • Open trench and size • Number of Victims • Heavy equipment on scene • Utilities located *Request an Operations Frequency *Presence of sheeting, shoring, and coffin boxes *Location of spoils pile

  34. Initial Rescue Actions cont... *Location of command *Assign responding units and request additional alarms if necessary *Announce location of staging *Number of bystanders and/or workers needed to be controlled. *Obtain Tac. Frequency

  35. Assess slope • 45” slope • T-intersections ? • Type of soil

  36. LARGE SPOIL PILE

  37. Risk Assessment A MEASURE OF THE PROS VERSUS THE CONS • Is the risk to the rescuers worth the likelihood of a successful rescue. • Is the anticipated rescue within the scope of the on scene personnel. • Requires an honest look at on-scene personnel and equipment. • Many rescuer fatalities are directly caused by a failure of the IC to realize that on-scene personnel were in “over their heads”. • Performing a live rescue should never overshadow the basic goal of having all rescuers go home well and healthy.

  38. Rescue vs. Recovery • If the victim is visible are they in a stable situation, will they remain so? If buried, for how long? • Do the on-scene resources have the training and equipment necessary?If not, as difficult as it may be, the rescue professional MUSTwait for rescuers with appropriate level of training and equipment. • Can a reasonably safe rescue attempt be performed? • Is our response being driven by physical and emotional feelings and not education? There is a direct correlation between heightened emotions and rescuer fatalities. These guidelines are given for your consideration but there is no substitute for solid judgment on the part of the responder.

  39. TRENCH RESCUE I.C.S CHART

  40. On Scene Actions • Command • Control utilities • Requests additional or specialized incident resources • Assign Safety Officer (Should be TRTT or ops) • Assign RIT • Assign City Operations Group Supervisor • Assign Medical Group Supervisor • Assign Staging Officer • Assign PIO

  41. On Scene Actions • Rescue Group Supervisor (RGS) • Control utilities • Monitor atmosphere in trench • Supervise rescue and recovery operation • Work in coordination with City Operations Group Supervisor

  42. On Scene Actions cont... • City Operations Group Supervisor • Assess soil and slope • Monitor placement of ground pads and shoring • Monitor boom truck operation • Monitor vactor truck operation

  43. SUPPORT TEAM LEADER • Place initial ladders • Air monitoring • Lock out/tag out • Lighting • Water Removal

  44. Panel Team Leader • Place edge Pro (ground pads/spoil piles) • Prepare /Place Panels

  45. Shoring Team Leader • Assemble shoring • Place shoring • Removing

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