Biology Jeopardy

Cell cycle! True or false Stem cells PMAT Motor cycle Biology Jeopardy 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 Final Jeopardy

10 points True or False: Diffusion over a large distance is slow and inefficient because it relies on random movement of molecules and ions

10 points True! Diffusion over a large distance is very inefficient

20 points True or False: The cell cycle is divided into 2 phases – interphase and mitosis

20 points False ! The cell cycle has 3 main stages: interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

30 points True or False: in plant cells, cytokinesis begins with a furrow that pinches off the cell to form two new daughter cells

30 points False! Plant cells are unable to pinch off the cytoplasm, and must use a cell plate in order to divide the cell’s cytoplasm

40 points True or False: Stem cells can be only two different types: embryonic or adult

40 points False! Stem cells can now come from 4 different types: Adult, embryonic, umbilical, and IPS (induced pluripotent stem cells)

50 points True or False: During prophase in an onion root tip cell, centrioles migrate to the poles of the cell

50 points False! Plant cells do not have centrioles - the spindle apparatus attaches directly to the inside of the cell wall

10 points The stage when the chromosomes are found lined up at the equator of the cell

10 points Chromosomes line up at the equator during METAPHASE

20 points The nuclear envelope breaks down, nucleolus disappears, and chromosomes finish coiling very tight occurs during this stage

Prophase is when nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes will finish coiling tighter 20 points

30 points During this phase the sister chromatids begin to separate away from each other, and are now called individual chromosomes

30 points Anaphase

By the end of prophase, which of these has occurred? • Sister chromatids are separated • The spindle is beginning to disintegrate • The cell membrane has begun to pinch inward • The nuclear membrane has disappeared 40 points

Sister chromatids are separated • The spindle is beginning to disintegrate • The cell membrane has begun to pinch inward • The nuclear membrane (envelope) has disappeared 40 points

Prokaryotes like bacteria divide by “binary fission” which is asexual reproduction in which • The nucleus divides into two nuclei • The number of chromosomes in the cell is reduced • A cell divides into two cells with identical genetic information • Spindle fibers attach to the poles of the cell 50 points

A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus, no spindle fibers, and the cell will split into two identical cells with identical genetic information so…C is the answer 50 points

10 points Your body contains only these type of stem cells

10 points Your body only contains adult stem cells

A stem cell is a great potential for medical uses because it • Undergoes mitosis • Is not specialized in structure and function • Is similar to a cancer cell, providing a study system • Undergoes apoptosis 20 points

A stem cell is not specialized, allowing it to become many different types of cells – giving stem cells a great potential for medicine 20 points

30 points Stem cells that are found in the “birth chord” of a newborn baby

30 points Umbilical stem cells

This type of stem cells are considered to be the most restrictive, found in the person’s own body and might be used to maintain and repair the same type of tissues in which they are found 40 points

Adult stem cells are considered to be the most restrictive, are found in the person’s own body and might be used to maintain and repair the same type of tissues in which they are found 40 points

This type of stem cells are present in a developing blastodisc about 5 days after fertilization – they are thought to be the most unstable of all stem cells and have yet to differentiate at any level 50 points

50 points Embryonic stem cells are found after 5 days in a blastodisc – can ultimately become any cell in the body

10 points CDK requires this other protein (enzyme) to allow for the regulating the cell cycle

10 points CDK (cyclin dependent kinases) require the enzyme Cyclin to regulate the cell cycle

20 points the DNA replicated during this stage of interphase

20 points DNA is replicated during the Synthesis (S) phase

Scientists can apply a chemical called Colchicine to freeze the cells in metaphase by preventing the chromosomes from moving away from the metaphase plate – what part of the cell does Colchicine most likely affect? • Chromosome structure • Spindle fibers • Nuclear membrane • Cell membrane 30 points

Colchicine most likely affects the spindle fibers, so that the fibers are unable to pull apart the chromosomes, keeping the cell “frozen” in metaphase 30 points

40 points A cell that undergoes mitosis without going through cytokinesis will then have many of these

40 points If a cell had mitosis and no cytokinesis would end up with many nuclei (There are protozoans called amoebas that are multinucleated)

The typical growth period of the cell occurs during this stage of the cell cycle • Gap 1(G1) • Gap 2 (G2) • Synthesis (S) • Mitosis 50 points

10 points Uncontrolled growth of cells can be called this

10 points Uncontrolled growth is called Cancer

20 points Tumors and cancer may develop in an organism if there are problems with these two type of proteins (enzymes) that control the cell cycle

20 points Tumors and cancer may develop with problems with the Cyclin and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK)

30 points At what stage(s) is Cyclin and CDK active and functioning

30 points (Trick question) Cyclin and CDK are both active throughout the entire cell cycle

40 points What is said to happen to the DNA to cause cancer?

40 points Cancer is said to be caused by changes (Mutations) to the DNA molecules of affected cells

50 points Aging may be caused by the loss of this part of the chromosome each time the cell undergoes mitosis

Biology Jeopardy