1 / 11

Investigative Science

Investigative Science. 12/2/11 Ionic and Covalent Bonding. 2 Types of Bonds. Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a compound. Ionic bonds: Transfer of electrons Involves a metal and a nonmetal Covalent bonds: Sharing of electrons Involves two nonmetals.

sawyer-avery
Download Presentation

Investigative Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Investigative Science 12/2/11 Ionic and Covalent Bonding

  2. 2 Types of Bonds • Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a compound. • Ionic bonds: • Transfer of electrons • Involves a metal and a nonmetal • Covalent bonds: • Sharing of electrons • Involves two nonmetals

  3. Metals • Metals: • Located on the left-hand side of the periodic table to underneath the staircase on the right-hand side

  4. Nonmetals • Nonmetals: • Located above the staircase on the right-hand side

  5. Metalloids • Metalloids: • Located along the staircase. • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

  6. The Octet Rule • Each type of bond requires that both atoms involved in the reaction fulfill an octet, or have 8 valence electrons. • Ionic: • One element donates its valence electrons (the metal), the other accepts those valence electrons (the nonmetal). Both fulfill the octet rule by donating/accepting valence electrons. • Covalent: • Both elements share their valence electrons to fulfill the octet rule. Both elements are nonmetals.

  7. Ionic Bonding • A metal donates its electron(s) to a nonmetal element • Metals have less electrons in their valence shell and can donate their electrons. It is easier for them to give them away than attract more valence electrons for an octet • By donating its electron(s) to the nonmetal, the metal and nonmetal become bonded together to form a new compound. • This type of reaction can be shown by using Lewis Dot Structures

  8. Na Cl Na Cl After donating/ accepting electrons, these atoms are now bonded together Metal Nonmetal Ionic Bonding • Let’s see how sodium (Na) bonds with chlorine (Cl) • Chlorine now has an octet (8 valence electrons) and sodium does too + New Compound

  9. Covalent Bonding • Bond between twononmetals • Because both elements still need an octet, they are forced to share electrons because they have too many valence electrons and can’t donate any • It is not easy for one element to give up its electrons like a metal, which has less electrons in its valence shell • Hydrogen also bonds as a nonmetal, but does not need eight valence electrons. It only needs 2, called a DUET. • Lewis Dot Structures can also show this bond

  10. F F F F + After sharing, these atoms are now bonded together Nonmetal Nonmetal These are the shared electrons Covalent Bonding • Let’s see how fluorine (F) bonds with itself • Each fluorine atom has 7 valence electrons. They EACH need one more valence electron to fulfill the octet rule, so they will each SHARE one electron with each other.

  11. Let’s Practice! • Show how an ionic bond forms between Magnesium and Oxygen. • Show how an ionic bond forms between Sodium and Fluorine. • Show how a covalent bond forms between Hydrogen and Oxygen.

More Related