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Horticultural Classification

Explore the classifications of plants in horticulture, including weeds, invasive species, and cultivars. Learn how plants are categorized based on their evolutionary history and discover the different divisions, families, genera, species, varieties, and cultivars in the plant kingdom.

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Horticultural Classification

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  1. Horticultural Classification • Weed • A misplaced plant! • In England, certain daisies are considered a weed and here in the U.S., we cultivate them • Previously, sunflowers were considered a weed in the U.S. and now they are a major agronomic crop!

  2. Horticultural Classification • Weed • Invasive: a plant introduced to an area where it displaces the native vegetation in an aggressive manner • Exotic: a non-native plant, and not necessarily an invasive or weedy plant!

  3. Kudzu Introduced in 1876 at the Centennial exposition in Philadelphia, PA. Promoted by the US Soil Conservation Service during the 1930’s - They actually paid people to plant it!

  4. Horticultural Classification • Botanical System of Plant Classification • Based in the belief that plants evolved from a single organism • All plants are somehow related

  5. Horticultural Classification • Domain (a new classification!) Kingdom Division Class Order Family Genus Species

  6. Horticultural Classification • 3 Domains: • 1. Eukarya • a. Kingdom Animalia • b. Kingdom Plantae • c. Kingdom Fungi • d. Protists (certain algae, protozoans, slime molds having cell organelles) • 2.Bacteria (prokaryotes in multiple kingdoms) • 3. Archaea (prokaryotes that live in Earth’s extreme environments. These also are in multiple kingdoms)

  7. Horticultural Classification • 5 Major Divisions of Plantae: • 1. Pterophyta = ferns • 2. Cycadophyta = cycads • 3. Ginkgophyta = ginkgos • 4. Coniferophyta = conifers • 5. Angiophyta = flowering plants* *most commonly used as ornamentals by gardeners

  8. Horticultural Classification • 2 Major Divisions of Angiophyta: Monocotyledoneae = monocots (50,000 species) Dicotyledoneae = dicots (200,000 species)

  9. Horticultural Classification • Binomial System of Nomenclature • Developed by Linnaeus in 1753 • Italicize or underline the Latin name • Internationally recognized name regardless of language

  10. Horticultural Classification • Binomial System of Nomenclature • Ex: Acerrubrum = “red maple”

  11. Horticultural Classification • Ex: • Starrett mark • Starrett anne • Starrett bob • Starrett grace

  12. Horticultural Classification • Families (end in -aceae) • Pinaceae (pines, hemlock, spruce) • Ericaceae (rhododendrons, blueberries, azaleas) • Genus (genera) • Similar in structure, chromosome #’s • Species • Similar in structure, development and appearance, can sometimes interbreed

  13. Horticultural Classification • Varieties • a distinct character separates this group of plants from the species • Often come “true-to-type” from seed

  14. Brassicaoleracea var. botrytis“cauliflower”

  15. Brassicaoleracea var. capitata“cabbage”

  16. Brassicaoleracea var. italica“broccoli”

  17. Horticultural Classification • Cultivar • A “cultivated variety” • Plants have a distinct character that is retained when the plant is reproduced (generally vegetatively by cuttings) • Name is in ‘single quotes’ and Capitalized

  18. Malusdomestica ‘Delicious’

  19. Malusdomestica ‘Golden Delicious’

  20. Horticultural Classification • Clone - a genetically identical plant derived from a single mother plant by asexual propagation (cuttings or tissue culture)

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