America and the British Empire

1. America and the British Empire Unit 2 AP Outline 2 1650-1763 VA SOLS 11.1-11.3

2. Mayflower Compact • 41 males signed it • First written law for the land • Purpose: to set up a government within themselves, and was written by those to be governed

3. The Colonies • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

4. Proprietary, Charter, and Royal Colonies • Proprietary • British King’s granted territory to an individual or groups • Charter • British government gave rights to a group of investors/shareholders • Royal • Under direct control of the government/monarch

5. New England • New Hampshire • Massachuetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut

6. New Hampshire • Started out as a proprietary colony later turned into a royal charter • Founded by Captain John Mason

7. Massachuetts • Massachuetts Bay Colony • John Winthrop-governor • General Court made up of governor, high deputy, magistrates, and members of the corporation-freemen. • Puritan emigration to Massachusetts-The Great Migration (do not confuse with the pop shift during WWI of blacks to the North)

8. Massachuetts Bay Colony

9. Massachuetts • Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims-separatists (believed Anglican church was so corrupt, they must establish their own church) • Puritans-family should be governed in the same way that kings ruled over society

10. Plymouth Colony

11. John Winthrop • Led a group of English Puritans to the New World and then joined the Massachusetts Bay colony • Later became governor • developed the idea of a “city on a hill” • Live God’s way because the world is watching

12. John Winthrop

13. Salem Witch Trials • Resulted from a development of tension between the Puritan idea of a small tight-knit community and the idea of a colony based on trade and commerce • Social clashes existing in the colony • Mainly older women were accused of practicing witchcraft- 100 people jailed-19 executed

14. Salem Witch Trials • Accusers were members of the old farming communities • Accused were part of the newer “secular class” • Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” • Book based on the Salem Witch Trials • McCarthy Trials of the 1950s were called a “witch hunt” for communists

15. Salem Witch Trials

16. English Civil War • Between Charles I (king of England) and Puritans in Parliament • Puritan supporters of parliament a.k.a Roundheads • Royalist supporters of King Charles a.k.a cavaliers • Roundheads win, Oliver Cromwell runs England (for a while) • King Charles I is executed at the end

17. Rhode Island • Roger Williams- founded Providence • Believed in religious tolerationand separation of church and state • His ideas were dangerous and he was banished from the colony

18. Anne Hutchinson • Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Considered a co-founder of Rhode Island with Roger Wms • Later moved to Providence

19. Connecticut • Thomas Hooker-believedthat suffrage should not be limited to male church members only • He founded Hartford • Helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Marked the beginning of the colony of Connecticut

20. Connecticut

21. Dominion of New England • Instituted by King James II in 1686 • Governed by Sir Edmund Andros governed as the head of Mass., N.H, Conn., R.I., and N.Y. • Increase the power of the governor of the area • Occurred after resistance in Mass. to the unfair Navigation Acts

22. Dominion of New England • Without an elective assembly • Overthrown by Boston militiamen in 1689 • (After the Glorious Revolution) • Sir Edmund Andros (right)

23. Mercantilism

24. Middle Colonies • New Jersey • New York • Pennsylvania • Delaware

25. New Jersey • established originally by the Swedish and Dutch • England took over and ownership was given to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley

26. New Jersey Sir George Carteret

27. New York • King Phillip’s War • Disaster for Indian people • Colonial army burned villages, killed people, and defeated Indians in –The Great Swamp Fight. • Iroquois Confederacy created alliance with NY (Covenant Chain) which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all of colonies • END of organized Indian resistance

28. Pennsylvania • English Quakers-religious toleration & pacifism • William Penn-wanted to make area haven for the Society of Friends • Philadelphia- “City of Brotherly Love” • MOST important colonial port in North America

29. Pennsylvania • William Penn

30. Delaware • Colonized by the Dutch, then became a colony of the English

31. Southern Colonies • North Carolina Maryland • South Carolina • Georgia • Virginia

32. Carolinas • Both proprietary colonies • North Carolina- similar to Virginia- plantations • South Carolina

33. Georgia • James Oglethorpe- founder of colony of Georgia • Debtor’s prison

34. Virginia • English joint-stock companies raised capital by selling shares • Jamestown Settlement- first permanent English settlement in North America • FOUNDER JOHN SMITH • John Rolfe-planted tobacco; married Powatan Princess-Pocohontas

35. Jamestown

36. House of Burgesses • First elected legislative assembly in the New World • Established in 1619 in Virginia

37. Bacon’s Rebellion • An uprising in 1676 lead by wealthy planter Nathaniel Bacon • Protest against Native American attacks/ lack of protection on the frontier

38. John Rolfe • Cultivated success crop of tobacco • Married Powhatan Princess Pocahontas

39. Maryland • Proprietary colony • King Charles I gave land to Calvert family • Turn into feudal colonies w/ rents • ONLY English colony where CATHOLICS colonized

40. Maryland • Named Maryland in honor of King’s wife • Landlords appointed to governing council

41. French Colonies • French had no permanent settlements in Canada until 1608 • Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec • Few colonists ever came • Climate undesirable • Huguenots-Protestants in France/believers in Calvinism - were legally forbidden from emigrating • Fur trade thrived

42. Coureur des bois • Fur trappers in the New World engaged in fur trade without permission from the French government • Late 17th and early 18th century

43. Jesuits • French missionaries in the New World

44. Edict of Nantes • Issued by Henry IV of France 1598 • Gave French Calvinists Protestants rights in a country still mainly Catholic • Ended the religious wars that tore France apart • Revoked by King Louis XIV in 1685 • Exodus of Huguenots from France

45. Wars and Impact on the Colonies • Through much of the late 17th and early 18th century England, France, Spain and other European countries fought a series of wars to see who was the dominant powers • Wars began in Europe and carried over to disputes between the colonies

46. Queen Anne’s War • 1702-1713 • Spanish and Native Americans allied with France • Lead to the Treaty of Utrecht • France had to give the British: • Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, territory along Hudson Bay, and more access to the Great Lakes

47. War of Jenkins's Ear • Conflict between English and Spanish • 1739-1742 • Robert Jenkins-British merchant- had his ear cut off when a Spanish vessel boarded his boat • Main purpose of war: keep the Spanish out of the slave trade in Americas • After 1742 the conflict turned into the War of Austrian Succession

48. Salutary Neglect • After the European Wars were over in the colonies, the British ended the policy of salutary neglect • Robert Walpole was the Prime Minister

49. Slavery-Triangular Trade • African Americans were forced on ships to come to the New World • They were trade for goods or sold in the Caribbean • Many worked on plantations in the south with cotton, indigo, tobacco, etc.

50. Origins of Slavery