AP United States History 3 rd Quarter Project

1. Kyle Vander Heiden AP United States History3rd Quarter Project

2. Unit 3: The New Nation • Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic • Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era

3. Political • Constitutional Convention (May-Sept. 1787) • 55 delegates from 12 states at Independence Hall • Virginia vs New Jersey • Virginia Plan (James Madison): legislature consisting of upper and lower houses; number of representatives based on population and money • New Jersey Plan (William Patterson): one house legislature with more power; equal voting for every state • Based on Compromise • Commerce Compromise: federal government regulates commerce • 3/5 Compromise: slaves count as 3/5 a person • Slave Trade Compromise: no action taken on slavery for 20 years • Great Compromise: executive is single person chosen by electoral college; legislature is bicameral with lower house based on population and upper house gets 2 representatives from each state

4. Political (cont.) • Federalists vs. Antifederalists • George Washington inaugerated April 30, 1789 • Bill of rights added to the Constitution in 1791 • Presidential Cabinet is formed • Federalists became a political party headed by Alexander Hamilton • Republican Party formed in opposition to Federalist party • Bank of the United States started in 1791 • Jay’s Treaty: established American sovereignty over northwest and formed a trade relationship with Britain • Pinckney’s Treaty: America gained right to use Miss. River from Spain; changed boundary of Florida; required Spain to prohibit Indians in Florida from attacking America

5. Political (cont.) • Washington’s Farewell Address • John Adams (Federalist) won election of 1796 • Alien Act • Sedition Act • Thomas Jefferson (Republican) won election of 1800 • Judiciary Act of 1801 • Jefferson reelected in 1804 • James Madison elected in 1808 • Hartford Convention: New England considered secession because of unhappiness with the War of 1812

6. Ideological • Federalism: belief in strong federal government • Alexander Hamilton • Antifederalism: belief in weak federal government • Thomas Jefferson

7. Religious • The Second Great Awakening • Accelerated growth of many different religions • Spread to African Americans and Native Americans

8. Artistic • Americans were looking to establish a unique national culture • Noah Webster: created an American dictionary • Washington Irving: famous author of the time

9. Technological • Some advances in medicine • Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 • Steamboat invented • Turnpikes built across nation

10. Economic • National debt cut in half by Jefferson • National bank established in 1791 • Increase in shipping

11. Social • Rise in education • 3/5 Compromise • Large cities began to appear and grow such as Philadelphia and New York

12. Supreme Court Cases • John Marshall: prominent Supreme Court justice of the time; established the importance of the Judiciary Branch • Marbury v. Madison: established the use of judicial review by the Supreme Court

13. People • Alexander Hamilton • Thomas Jefferson • George Washington • James Madison • John Adams • John Marshall • Lewis and Clark • William Henry Harrison • Henry Clay • John Calhoun • Andrew Jackson • John Jay

14. Foreign • Louisiana Purchase for $15 million • Impressment used by Britain to gain soldiers • Britain claimed right to search American ships for deserters • America enacted embargo in response to conflict between France and Britain • Non-Intercourse Act: prevented trade with France and Britain • Conflict between white settlers and Native Americans (William Henry Harrison vs Tecumseh)

15. Foreign • War of 1812 • Britain invaded Washington D.C. on Aug. 24, 1814 and burned it • Battle of New Orleans won by Andrew Jackson after peace treaty was signed • Treaty of Ghent ended war on Dec. 24, 1814 • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817): disarmament of Great Lakes • Barbary Wars fought against Barbary pirates from North Africa • Naval battles • Resulted in formation of the Navy Department in 1798

16. Unit 7: The Gilded Age • Chapter 16: The Conquest of the Far West • Chapter 17: Industrial Supremacy • Chapter 18: The Age of the City • Chapter 19: From Stalemate to Crisis

17. Political • Rise of political machines in urban areas • Higher voter turnout and increased voter loyalty two political parties • Stalwarts and Half-Breeds: competing Republican factions • James Garfield (Republican) elected 1880 • Chester Arthur took office after Garfield was assassinated • Pendleton Act: first national civil service act • Grover Cleveland (Democrat) elected 1884 • Benjamin Harrison (Republican) elected 1888 • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) • McKinley tariff • Grover Cleveland reelected 1892

18. Political • Rise of p0pulist ideals • “Cross of Gold” speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan in opposition to gold standard • William McKinley (Republican) elected 1896 • Currency Act of 1900 confirmed gold standard

19. Ideological • Populism began with farmers and quickly gained popularity • Free Silver • System of subtreasuries • Abolition of the national bank • Direct election of U.S. senators • Regulation and government ownership of railroads • Graduated income tax • Inflation of money • Social Darwinism • The Self-Made Man

20. Religious • No major religious factors during this time

21. Artistic • Rocky Mountain School • Romanticizing the West • Realism: art and literature movement showcasing society and poverty • Modernism: portrayed social realities, glorified the ordinary • Ashcan School

22. Technological • Invention of automobile • Henry Ford • Invention of airplane • Wright Brothers • Expansion of railroads • Movies grew in popularity • Telegraph

23. Economic • Growth of steel industry • Bessemer process used to turn iron to steel • Assembly Line • Large corporations emerged • Stock market began • Consolidation of Corporations • Horizontal Integration • Vertical Integration • Laborers began to strike and demand better working conditions

24. Economic • Unions including the AFL and the Knights of Labor emerged • Mass consumption because of cheaper prices and higher wages • Panic of 1893 • Debate over the gold standard and free silver

25. Social • Many Chinese people migrated to California • Worked as unskilled laborers • Anti-Chinese sentiment • Chinese Exclusion Act stopped Chinese immigration • Urbanization • Poverty and crime prominent in large cities • Rise in leisure because people had more time • Sports, movies, music, literature • Growth of public education

26. Supreme Court Cases • No major supreme court cases during this time

27. People • Henry Ford • Samuel Gompers (AFL) • John D. Rockefeller/ Andrew Carnegie • William Tweed (Tammany Hall) • James Garfield • Chester Arthur • Grover Cleveland • Benjamin Harrison • William McKinley • William Jennings Bryan

28. Foreign • Indian Relations • Government policies towards tribes changed • Fighting between white settlers and Indians • Battle of Little Bighorn • Wounded Knee Massacre • Dawes Act (1887): eliminated tribal ownership; promoted assimilation