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Ch 4 – International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Ch 4 – International OB: Managing Across Cultures. Ch. 4 Learning Objectives. 2. Define the term culture. Define ethnocentrism, and distinguish between high-context and low-context cultures.

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Ch 4 – International OB: Managing Across Cultures

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  1. Ch 4 – International OB: Managing Across Cultures

  2. Ch. 4 Learning Objectives 2 • Define the term culture. • Define ethnocentrism, and distinguish between high-context and low-context cultures. • Distinguish between individualistic and collectivist cultures, and explain the difference between monochronic and polychronic cultures. • Specify the practical lesson from the Hofstede cross- cultural study. • Explain why US managers have a comparatively high failure rate on foreign assignments.

  3. Culture 3 • Culture - a set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and undesirable in a community of people and a set of formal or informal practices to support the values.

  4. Ethnocentrism: A Cultural Roadblock 4 • Ethnocentrismis the belief that one’s native culture is superior • How would ethnocentric policies affect employees?

  5. Cultural Intelligence 5 • Cultural intelligence The ability to interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations accurately. • Homer Simpson: International Manager probably not culturally intelligent

  6. High vs. Low Context Cultures 6 High-Context • Rely heavily on situational cues for meaning Low-Context • Meaning is derived from the written and spoken word

  7. Contrasting High-Context & Low-Context Cultures 7

  8. Individualism vs. Collectivism 8 Individualistic • “I” and “Me” cultures • Priority given to individual freedom and choice Collectivist • “We” and “Us” cultures • Rank shared goals higher than individual desires and goals

  9. Cultural Perceptions of Time 9 Monochronic • Preference for doing one thing at a time because time is limited, precisely segmented, and schedule driven. Polychronic • Preferences for doing more than one thing at a time because time is flexible and multidimensional.

  10. Proxemics - Interpersonal Distance Zones 10 Public Social Personal Intimate 12.0 4.0 1.5 0 US Interpersonal Zones (distance in feet) Arab Asian + Latin American Cultures North American + Northern European

  11. Arabs get real close… 11

  12. Cultural Dimensions: Hofstede Study 12 Power Distance How much do people expect inequality in social institutions? Individualism- Collectivism How loosely or closely is the person socially bonded? Does the person embrace stereotypically competitive, masculine traits or nurturing, feminine traits? Masculinity- Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance How strongly does the person desire highly structured situations?

  13. Foreign Assignments 13 • Expatriates – Anyone living or working in a foreign country

  14. Why U.S. Expatriates Fail on Foreign Assignments 14 • Personal and family adjustment problems • Homesickness • Lack of: • Cultural adaptability • Patience • Flexibility and • Tolerance for other’s beliefs

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