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Behaviorism

Behaviorism. Do Now. How do we know how to respond to different stimuli? Jumping at the sound of a loud noise. Feeling anxiety after seeing flashing police lights in your rearview mirror. Squinting in the bright sunlight. Pulling your hand away after touching a hot stove.

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Behaviorism

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  1. Behaviorism

  2. Do Now • How do we know how to respond to different stimuli? • Jumping at the sound of a loud noise. • Feeling anxiety after seeing flashing police lights in your rearview mirror. • Squinting in the bright sunlight. • Pulling your hand away after touching a hot stove. • Grabbing for your phone when hearing your ringtone.

  3. Behaviorism • Science of Observable Behavior • Mental process cannot be studied directly but behaviorists believe that people’s behaviors are directly related to mental process • Scientific approach - focus on experimentation

  4. Movers and Shakers • Ivan Pavlov - discovered classical conditioning • John B. Watson - Father of Behaviorism - > Behavior without reference to thought • B.F Skinner - Operant Conditioning - Pigeons and Skinner Box

  5. Behaviorism Intro to Behaviorism Clip • Stimulus Response Pairing

  6. Key Terms - Classical Conditioning • Unconditional Stimulus (UCS)- a stimulus that naturally triggers a response • Unconditioned Response (UCR)- a naturally occurring response to a stimulus • Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- a previously neutral stimulus that now elicits a response after being coupled with a UCS • Conditioned Response (CR) - a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

  7. Now Lets Play Doggy Game

  8. What about with People? • John Watson experiments with a baby named lil albert

  9. Other Terms • Generalization - the tendency to respond to any stimulus similar to the CS - ex. lil Albert and all white furry things not just rats • Distinction - the ability to discriminate the CS from other familiar stimuli - ex. end of class bell vs fire alarm bell • Extinction - “unconditioning” - fading responses when the CS is no longer coupled with the UCS - ex. if Watson had paired white furry things with no loud noise many times, Albert would not be scared anymore

  10. Option A: What are you talking about!?!? Option A: What are you talking about!?!? How do you feel about classical conditioning? Option 3: Are you kidding? This is cake! Option4: Um..28? Sorry..I am obsessing over college stuff Option 1: What are you talking about!?!? Option 2: I got it so far! Option 5: Ew...I hate slouchy hats. Option B: Are you kidding? This is cake!

  11. Exposure Therapy • Used to extinguish phobias • Based on behaviorism • The anxiety provoking stimuli is presented to the person with greater frequency until there is no more anxiety • This is a good example This is a bad example

  12. What are punishments for behavior? What are rewards for behavior? Operant Conditioning The learning of behaviors as a result of the consequences that occur after those behaviors Developed by B.F Skinner

  13. Created the ”Skinner Box” Skinner was interested in the stimulus response aspect of behaviorism but wanted to see if he could train animals to elicit specific behaviors Example

  14. Key Terms- Operant Conditioning • Positive Reinforcement - the addition of a positive consequence to increase a behavior - Rewards • Negative Reinforcement- the removal of a negative stimulus to increase a behavior • Punishment - the addition of negative consequence to decrease a behavior • Omission training - the removal of a positive stimulus to decrease a behavior

  15. Lets see if it works with people? • Big Bang Theory

  16. Skinner and his Pigeons Pigeons Training Ping Pong Pigeons

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