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Van Nuys Testbed Simulation Laura N. Lowes - University of Washington

#setAnalysisParameters.tcl #----------------------------------------------------------- #PEER VanNuys Testbed Project #----------------------------------------------------------- #script to define analysis parameters including element, section and material models

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Van Nuys Testbed Simulation Laura N. Lowes - University of Washington

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  1. #setAnalysisParameters.tcl #----------------------------------------------------------- #PEER VanNuys Testbed Project #----------------------------------------------------------- #script to define analysis parameters including element, section and material models # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------begin setAnalysisParameters source $PATH/units.tcl #MODEL # model type 2D or 3D set 2Dvs3DModel "2D"; #ELEMENTS #Element Types set ColumnElementType "fiber-hinge"; # options: "elastic", "elasticEffStiff","lumped-plasticity", "fiber-hinge", "fiber", #"displacement-based" set BeamElementType "fiber-hinge"; # options: "elastic", "elasticEffStiff","lumped-plasticity", "fiber-hinge", "fiber", #"displacement-based" #IF elements are "displacement-based" - set number of elements to use along column / beam length set NumColElements 1 set NumBeamElements 1 #IF elements are "fiber" or "displacement-based"- set Number of Integration Pointsto use along length set NumColIntPts 5 set NumBeamIntPts 4 set ElementIter "yes"; #forces iteration within the element to satisfy element equilibrium set NumElementIter 20; #number of iterations within the element set tol 1e-12; #tolerance for element convergence #IF "lumped-plasticity" or "fiber-hinge" - set stiffness factors for elastic beam section between hinges #IF "elasticEffStiff" - set effective stiffness factors for beams, columns, slab set BeamStiffnessReductionFactorFlex 0.5; #setAnalysisParameters.tcl #----------------------------------------------------------- #PEER VanNuys Testbed Project #----------------------------------------------------------- #script to define analysis parameters including element, section and material models # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------begin setAnalysisParameters source $PATH/units.tcl #MODEL # model type 2D or 3D set 2Dvs3DModel "2D"; #ELEMENTS #Element Types set ColumnElementType "fiber-hinge"; # options: "elastic", "elasticEffStiff","lumped-plasticity", "fiber-hinge", "fiber", #"displacement-based" set BeamElementType "fiber-hinge"; # options: "elastic", "elasticEffStiff","lumped-plasticity", "fiber-hinge", "fiber", #"displacement-based" #IF elements are "displacement-based" - set number of elements to use along column / beam length set NumColElements 1 set NumBeamElements 1 #IF elements are "fiber" or "displacement-based"- set Number of Integration Pointsto use along length set NumColIntPts 5 set NumBeamIntPts 4 set ElementIter "yes"; #forces iteration within the element to satisfy element equilibrium set NumElementIter 20; #number of iterations within the element set tol 1e-12; #tolerance for element convergence #IF "lumped-plasticity" or "fiber-hinge" - set stiffness factors for elastic beam section between hinges #IF "elasticEffStiff" - set effective stiffness factors for beams, columns, slab set BeamStiffnessReductionFactorFlex 0.5; Van Nuys Testbed Simulation Laura N. Lowes - University of Washington

  2. The Objectives Develop a model of the Van Nuys building within OpenSees that can be used to • Simulate building response under variable levels of earthquake loading – results support loss estimation. • Determine the impact of epistemic uncertainty on predicted response – results support development of the PEER methodology. • Support development of new element models within OpenSees. • Predict the post-peak response of the Van Nuys building.

  3. Deliverables

  4. Gen. II Model • Basic model: • Comparable to SAP model developed by Degenkolb • 2D model: one exterior & one interior frame (3D with slaving) • Modeling assumptions: • BeamWithHinges element model, rigid joints, x = 3% • Concrete & steel material response per FEMA 356 • Effective stiffnesses used to generate an initial period of 0.89 sec • No gravity load representation (waiting on new element that includes distributed loading) • No representation of shear failure for columns • Inadequate representation of splice failure for columns - reduced strength not ductility capacity)

  5. Gen. II & III Models • Parameterized model: • For use is assessing the impact of epistemic uncertainty • 2D model: one exterior & one interior frame • Modeling parameters: • Element type: BeamWithHinges / NonlinearBeamcolumn / EffectiveStiffness / DisplacementBased • Column failure mechanisms: Splice failure / shear failure • BC Joints: Rigid / center-line dimensions / strength & stiffness degrading • Material models: Variable material models / variable material data (stiffness & strain capacity) • Level of discretization: Displacement-based elements / sections • Effective stiffness values: BeamWithHinges / EffectiveStiffness model • Damping

  6. What is the form of the model? VanNuys.tcl model BasicBuilder -ndm 3 -ndf 6 source setAnalysisParameters.tcl - define parameters for this particular analysis source setFrameGeometry.tcl - write data structure defining frame geometry (story height, bay width, etc.) source setFrameMemberSectionProperties.tcl - write data structure defining frame member geometry (column/beam/slab prop.) source setMaterialProperties.tcl - write data structure defining material properties (each column/beam/slab has concrete & steel material properties source setElasticElementProperties.tcl - write data structure defining elements elastic section properties (all elements have elastic properties - Torsional stiff.) source setNodalMass.tcl - nodal / distributed mass for dynamic analysis source defineStructuralMaterials.tcl - execute OpenSees command to generate required materials source defineSections.tcl - execute OpenSees command to generate required sections source defineNodes.tcl - execute OpenSees command to generate required nodes source defineElements.tcl - execute OpenSees command to generate required elements source defineBoundaryConditions.tcl - execute OpenSees command to establish required boundary conditions source analyze.tcl - run analysis

  7. setAnalysisParameters.tcl setAnalysisParameters.tcl #MODEL #Model Type – options: “2D”, “3D” set 2Dvs3DModel "2D"; #ELEMENTS #Element Types - options: "elastic", "elasticEffStiff", "lumped-plasticity", "fiber-hinge", "fiber", “disp” set ColumnElementType "fiber-hinge"; set BeamElementType "fiber-hinge"; #SECTIONS #IF fiber section - Define maximum fiber dimension set MaxFiberDim [expr 0.5*$in]; #MATERIALS set ConcreteMaterialType "Concrete01"; # options: “Concrete01",“Concrete02", … set SteelMaterialType "Steel02"; # options: “Steel01”, “Steel02” #ANALYSIS #set AnalysisType - options: "Gravity", "Eigen", "Dynamic", "Pushover" set AnalysisType "Pushover“; #OUTPUT #options Columns 1, 4, 8 set Columns 1; #Output is disp., vel. & accel. at a single column

  8. 700 600 500 Base Shear (kips) 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Basic Model: Push-Over Analysis Roof Displacement (in.) Roof Displacement (in.)

  9. Basic Model – Simulated Response – NR vnuy Ground Acceleration – Northridge Eq. - Building Instrumentation Roof Acceleration (in./sec.) Acceleration (in./sec.)

  10. Basic Model – Simulated Response – NR vnuy Ground Acceleration – Northridge Eq. - Building Instrumentation Roof Displacement (in.) Displacement (in.)

  11. Deformation Distribution at Maximum Roof Displacement 8 7 6 NR.cnpk SF.vnuy NR.vnuy SF.466 * 5 Story 4 3 2 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 Displacement (in.) Basic Model – Response to Dynamic Loading Hazard Level: 10% in 50 yr.

  12. 1100 1000 900 700 800 600 Base Shear (kips) 500 400 300 nonlinearBeamColumn 200 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 Results – Parameterized Model FEMA 356 load distribution Roof Displacement (in.)

  13. Distribution & Documentation • Web-based distribution • Accessible from UW website: • Data from numerical simulation: Gen II – basic model • Documentation of modeling decisions • Tcl script defining Van Nuys building • To be developed - version control for models

  14. Current Tasks • Issue of model period • predicted period ~0.9 seconds, observed is 1.5 sec. • May need to run model through San Fernando record to pre-damage the building • Gravity loading – this determines point of yielding • Shear / splice failure • Distrubiton of results (story drift & acc.)

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