Looking Through The Mirror: Parity Violation in the Future

1. M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Looking Through The Mirror: Parity Violation in the Future + many students, post-docs, collaborators, and colleagues

2. Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History What are the fundamental symmetries that have governed the microphysics of the evolving universe? • Parity as a (broken) symmetry • Parity violation as a probe of other symmetries

3. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

4. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Parity the Standard Model Observations of PV in b-decay, electron scattering, and atoms taught us about SU(2)Lx U(1)Y symmetry and its breaking

5. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Parity: Standard Model & Beyond Observations of PV in b-decay, electron scattering, atoms, e+e- annihilation are providing insights about the SU(3)Csector of the SM & the “new” SM

6. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History SM “unfinished business”: What is the internal landscape of the proton? Sea quarks and gluons

7. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History SM “unfinished business”: How do weak interactions of hadrons reflect the weak qq force ? Are QCD symmetries (chiral, large NC,…) applicable? Is there a long range weak NN interaction?

8. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve Origin of matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?

9. Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History What are the fundamental symmetries that have governed the microphysics of the evolving universe? • Parity violation as a probe of the proton’s internal structure (sea quarks, twist) • Parity violation as probe of the hadronic weak interaction • Parity violation as a probe of additional symmetries of the early universe

10. Constituent quarks (QM) Current quarks (QCD) QP ,P FP2(x) Internal “landscape” of the proton How does QCD package and distribute quarks and gluons inside the proton?

11. Light QCD quarks: u mu ~ 5 MeV d md ~ 10 MeV s ms ~ 150 MeV Heavy QCD quarks: c mc ~ 1500 MeV b mb ~ 4500 MeV t mt ~ 175,000 MeV ms ~ QCD : No clear scale suppression, not necessarily negligible; pure sea Suppressed by QCD/mq) 4 < 10 -4 (vector channel) We can uncover the sea with PV

12. GP = QuGu + QdGd+ QsGs Gn = QuGd + QdGu+ QsGs, isospin GPW = QuWGu + QdWGd+ QsWGsZ0 SAMPLE (MIT-Bates), HAPPEX (JLab), PVA4 (Mainz), G0 (JLab) Gu , Gd , Gs Probing the sea with PV ep scattering Kaplan and Manohar McKeown Neutral Weak Form Factors

13. Neutral Weak Magnetism & Electricity Probing the sea with PV ep scattering

14. Probing the sea with PV ep scattering World Data 4/24/06 GMs = 0.28 +/- 0.20 GEs = -0.006 +/- 0.016 ~3% +/- 2.3% of proton magnetic moment ~20% +/- 15% of isoscalar magnetic moment ~0.2 +/- 0.5% of Electric distribution Consistent withs-quark contributions to mP & JP but smaller than early theoretical expectations Preliminary Courtesy of Kent Pashke (U Mass)

15. Looking beyond the parton description PV Deep Ineslastic eD (J Lab 12 GeV) ~0.4% Different PDF fits E=11 GeV q=12.50 Sacco, R-M preliminary Probing Higher Twist with PV

16. Are weak interactions of s-quarks a “un-natural” ? Or are their deeper puzzles with the HWI involving all light flavors ? E1 (PV) Breaking of SU(3) sym M1 (PC) Th’y Exp’t Weak Interactions of Hadrons: Strange?

17. Meson-exchange model Seven PV meson-nucleon couplings Weak Interactions of S=0 Hadrons: Strange? Use parity-violation to filter out EM & strong interactions Desplanques, Donoghue, &Holstein (DDH)

18. Anapole moment Boulder, atomic PV Analog 2-body matrix elements Long range: p-exchange? hp~0 hp~ 10 gp Model independent T=0 force T=1 force Is the weak NN force short range ?

19. Problem with expt’s • Problem with nuc th’y • Problem with model • No problem (1s) T=0 force T=1 force EFT Is the weak NN force short range ?

20. O(p-1) O(p) O(p) O(p) Hadronic PV: Effective Field Theory PV Potential Long Range Short Range Medium Range

21. Done LANSCE, SNS HARD* NIST,SNS † *HIGS Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems Pionless theory Ab initio few-body calcs

22. Complete determination of PV NN & gNN interactions through O (p) Attempt to understand nuclear PV observables systematically Attempt to understand the li, hp etc. from QCD Are the PV LEC’s “natural” from QCD standpoint? Does EFT power counting work in nuclei ? Implications for 0nbb-decay Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems

23. Light nM : 0nbb-decay rate may yield scale of mn How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects? Hadronic PV & 0n bb - decay

24. How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects? 4 quark operator, as in hadronic PV Hadronic PV & 0n bb - decay

25. O( p -1 ) O( p) Hadronic PV as a probe • Determine VPV through O (p) from PV low-energy few-body studies where power counting works • Re-analyze nuclear PV observables using this VPV • If successful, we would have some indication that operator power counting works in nuclei • Apply to 0nbb-decay

26. 3/4 0 3/4 1 TWIST (TRIUMF) PV Correlations in Muon Decay & mn

27. mn MPs constrained by mn Also b-decay, Higgs production Erwin, Kile, Peng, R-M 06 Prezeau, Kurylov 05 First row CKM PV Correlations in Muon Decay & mn Model Independent Analysis 2005 Global fit: Gagliardi et al. Model Dependent Analysis

28. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) PV as a Probe of New Symmetries Unseen Forces: Supersymmetry ? Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Origin of matter Neutrinos

29. CKM unitarity ? Flavor-blind SUSY-breaking 12k R ParityViolation Kurylov, R-M, Su CKM Unitarity MW CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt ,… APV l2 b-decay 12k 1j1 1j1 No long-lived LSP or SUSY DM New physics Kurylov, R-M RPV SUSY Weak decays & new physics

30. Lifetime & correlations b-decay 58Ni coated stainless guide Flapper valve Liquid N2 Be reflector LHe LANSCE: UCN “A” NIST, ILL: tn Future SNS: tn, a,b,A,… Future LANSCE: tn Solid D2 Ultra cold neutrons 77 K poly UCN Detector Tungsten Target Weak decays & PV

31. Correlations Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E SUSY b-decay at “RIAcino”? Weak decays & PV

32. “Weak Charge” ~ -N +Z(1- 4 sin2 qW ) ~ 0.1 for e- , p Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions

33. Atomic PV N deep inelastic sin2W e+e- LEP, SLD SLAC E158 (ee) JLab Q-Weak (ep) (GeV) Weak Mixing Angle: Scale Dependence Czarnecki, Marciano Erler, Kurylov, MR-M

34. n is Majorana 12k SUSY loops 12k RPV 95% CL fit to weak decays, MW, etc. Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions  SUSY dark matter ->e+e Kurylov, Su, MR-M

35. LinearCollider e-e- Atomic PV N deep inelastic DIS-Parity, JLab sin2W e+e- LEP, SLD SLAC E158 (ee) JLab Q-Weak (ep) Moller, JLab (GeV) Additional PV electron scattering ideas Czarnecki, Marciano Erler et al.

36. “DIS Parity” SUSY loops E158 &Q-Weak Linear collider JLab Moller RPV 95% CL Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions Kurylov, R-M, Su  SUSY dark matter

37. Looking through the Mirror: • The violation of parity invariance in low energy weak interactions has provided key information about the structure of the Standard Model • PV is now a powerful tool for probing other aspects of the symmetries of the Standard Model and beyond • We can look forward to a rich array of PV studies in nuclear, particle, and atomic physics in the next quarter century The mirror will undoubtedly appear quite different when PV reaches 75