Marcus O’Dair Funded by NEMODE

1. Collaborative, co-operative and collective business models in the ‘new’ music industries: a literature review Marcus O’Dair Funded by NEMODE

2. Introduction • Significant shift in music’s value chain since Napster (whether or not it represents a digital ‘revolution’) • Challenge facing the music industries is primarily one of business models, rather than technology • Aim: to review the literature on three business models – collaborative, co-operative and collective – posited as possible solutions for musicians

3. Annual global recorded music income Source: IFPI. Cited by Ingham (2015)

4. Definition of terms • Digital economy • ‘New’ music industries • Business models • Co-operative • Collective • Collaborative

5. Collaborative, co-operative and collective business models • Various examples of each category in the music industries: • collaborative • co-operative • collective business • Business model canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur)

6. Conclusions • New business models a ‘third way’ between the traditional label model and the fully DIY approach are vital • Yet, at least according to my research, viable co-operative, collective and collaborative models, remain absent – or at least opaque • Need for future research • Mycelia

7. Works cited • Bartlett J 2015. Imogen Heap: Saviour of the Music Industry? The Guardian. Accessed 23.10.15: http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/sep/06/imogen-heap-saviour-of-music-industry • Ingham T 2015. Global Record Industry Income Drops Below $15bn for First Time in Decades. Music Business Worldwide. Accessed 30.07.15: http://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/global-record-industry-income-drops-below-15bn-for-first-time-in-history/ • Osterwalder A and Y Pigneur 2010. Business Model Generation. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons • Rethink Music 2015. Fair Music: Transparency and Payment Flows in the Music Industry. Berklee Institute of Creative Entrepreneurship