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Pre-Civil War: Decade of Crisis

Pre-Civil War: Decade of Crisis. 1850-1860. Institution of Slavery. Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831 Missouri Compromise 1820 36 degrees 30 minutes. Compromise of 1850. California (49ers) apply to become a FREE state Popular Sovereignty South Rejects

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Pre-Civil War: Decade of Crisis

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  1. Pre-Civil War: Decade of Crisis 1850-1860

  2. Institution of Slavery • Eli Whitney - Cotton Gin • Nat Turner’s Revolt 1831 • Missouri Compromise 1820 • 36 degrees 30 minutes

  3. Compromise of 1850 • California (49ers) apply to become a FREE state • Popular Sovereignty • South Rejects • Compromise proposed by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Stephen Douglas

  4. They Propose: • Allow California in as free state (Northern Victory) • Create New Mexico and Utah territories without restrictions about slavery • Stricter fugitive slave law (Southern Victory...hurt Underground RR)

  5. Results of Compromise of 1850 • 4 Southern States threaten to secede • North upset about fugitive slave law

  6. Harriet Beecher Stowe - 1852 Dramatic account of a slave fighting for freedom Uncle Tom's Cabin Result...more people wanting to abolish slavery

  7. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Background (RR, etc) • Stephen Douglas, Senator (ILL) He Proposes: • Create Kansas and Nebraska Territories • Scrap the Missouri Compromise (36 degrees 30 minutes). Instead, allow Popular Sovereignty

  8. Results of the K-N Act • Stephen Douglas -very ambitious • Birth of the new Republican Party • Helped unify the North • Bleeding Kansas

  9. "Bleeding Kansas"-miniature Civil War 1855-57 • Election • War • Free Soil Group...John Brown

  10. Dred Scott Decision...1857 • Background • Supreme Court (Chief Justice Roger Taney) decides: • Slaves = 3/5ths of a person, so NO RIGHT to sue • Slave=Property • Congress cannot restrict property within TERRITORIES.

  11. Results of Dred Scott Ruling: • Wipes out: • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Idea of Popular Sovereignty • Huge Southern Victory • Outrages & Unifies Republicans

  12. Other Important Events of the Late 1850’s • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • John Brown’s Raid...attack US Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia

  13. Election of 1860 • 4 Political Parties!

  14. Republicans • Northern Party • RESTRICT slavery, not abolish it • Abraham Lincoln from ILL

  15. Northern Democrats • Demos split • Northern Democrats supported Stephen Douglas and popular sovereignty

  16. Southern Democrats • More radical, want slavery legal everywhere • Selected John Breckinridge (Tenn), current VP under Buchanan

  17. Constitutional Union Party • Wanted a compromise over slavery • Selected John Bell (Tenn)

  18. Popular Vote Totals Lincoln wins with only 40% of Popular Vote

  19. What should the Southern States do? What options do they have?

  20. Secession • President James Buchanan- “Lame Duck” • December 1860 - South Carolina Secedes • What should Buchanan do??? • Is secession irrational???

  21. Confederate Statesof America • By Feb, 1861, most of the South is gone • Elect Jefferson Davis (Mississippi) as President • Select Richmond (Virginia) as Capitol • Flag (11 states, yet 13 stars)

  22. Strengths and Weaknesses • North • (Union, Blue, Yankees) • South • (Confederacy, Gray, Rebels) Border States

  23. The Battles Begin • Fort Sumter (Charleston, S. C.) • 1st Bull Run • “Stonewall” Jackson • Naval Warfare • Union has Navy • Ironclad Warship (forerunner to battleships) Monitor v Merrimack (Virginia) March 1862

  24. War in the West • Shiloh (Tenn) April 1862 • New Orleans and the Mississippi River • Battle and Seige of Vicksburg (Miss) • Heavily fortified city with RR • 47 day seige of city • Major turing point of war • Union splits south & gets River • Grant v. Pemberton

  25. War in the East • Robert E. Lee, Confederate General • Battle of Antietam (Maryland) • Sept 1862 - George McClellan

  26. Lincoln changes War - Emancipation Proclamation

  27. War in the East (continued) • Union Commanders--"Revolving Door" • Fredricksburg (VA) Dec, 1862 -Ambrose Burnside • Chancellorsville (VA) Spring 1863 - Joe Hooker • Gettysburg (Penn) July 1863 - George Meade

  28. Gettysburg • Lee invades North • July 3 - "Pickett's Charge" (Gen.George Pickett, confederate) • Great Union Victory & Major turning point of War • Meade fails to chase Lee • Gettysburg Address (Lincoln)

  29. 51,000 Dead in 3-Day Battle

  30. East (continued) • “Revolving Door” - (cont) U.S. Grant in charge (1864-) • William Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea" ... (Total War) - Atlanta to Savannah

  31. The Ending • Appomattox Courthouse (April 9, 1865) Lee surrenders

  32. Factors of War • First American “Draft” • War’s Deadly Cost

  33. Lincoln's Assassination • April 14, 1865...Fords Theatre • "American Cousin" play • John Wilkes Booth • Democrat Andrew Johnson will lead Reconstruction efforts

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