Injuries

1. Injuries http://utpo.lf1.cuni.cz firstaid.lf1@gmail.cz (password: firstaid) jana.heczkova@ftn.cz Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing

2. SHOCK • Mechanism • Heart Pump failure • Blood vessels Pipe failure • Blood Fluid loss • Causes • Bleeding • Burns • Head and spine injuries • Chest, abdominal and pelvic injuries • Heart attack • Asthma • Poisoning • …

3. SHOCK • Initially: • Rapid pulse • Rapid breathing • Pale, cold, clammy skin, lips and nail beds • Sweating • As shock develops: • Grey-blue skin (cyanosis), especially inside the lips • Weakness and dizziness • Nausea and possibly vomiting • Thirst • Breathing is shallow • Weakthready pulse • As the brain‘s oxygen supply weakens: • Altered mental status • Restlessness and aggressiveness • Gasping for air • Unconsciousness • Mechanism • Signs

4. SHOCK • ABCDE • Treat Cause • Treatforshock • Position • Prevent body heat loss • Mechanism • Signs • First aid interventions

5. BLEEDING newborn baby 5 year 10 year 15 year adult Blood700 1400 2000 3800 5000 volume (ml) 20%140 280 400 760 1000

6. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Haemorrhage • Arterial • Venous • Capillary

7. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure

8. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure • Elevation

9. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure • Elevation • Pressure bandage

10. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure • Elevation • Pressure bandage • Pressure point

11. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure • Elevation • Pressure bandage • Pressure point • Tourniquet

12. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • Gloves • Expose wound • Direct pressure • Elevation • Pressure bandage • Pressure point • Tourniquet • Amputation

13. BLEEDING • External bleeding • Internal bleeding • Bleeding from body opening • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat forshock • Position • Prevent body heat loss

14. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical

15. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First degree • Second degree • Third degree • Risk • Severity

16. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First degree (superficial) • Second degree • Third degree

17. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First degree (superficial) • Second degree (partial-thickness) • Third degree (full-thickness)

18. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First degree (superficial) • Second degree (partial-thickness) • Third degree (full-thickness)

19. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First degree (superficial) • Second degree (partial-thickness) • Third degree (full-thickness) • Risk • Severity

20. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First Aid Interventions • Stop burning • ABCDE • Treat Cause • Cooling • Dressing • Treat for shock • Position • Prevent body heat loss

21. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat Cause • Remove chemicals • Dressing • Treat for shock • Position • Prevent body heat loss

22. BURNS • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical • First Aid Interventions • Safety!!! • Assess - CPR • Treat Cause • Cooling • Dressing • Treat for shock • Position • Prevent body heat loss • Risk • VF cardiac arrest • Respiratory arrest • Muscle spasm

23. HEAD INJURIES • Wounds • Fractures • Brain injuries

24. HEAD INJURIES • Wounds • Fractures • Brain injuries • Scalp • Facial

25. HEAD INJURIES • Wounds • Fractures • Brain injuries • Cranium • Base

26. HEAD INJURIES • Wounds • Fractures • Brain injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Compression • First Aid Interventions • Assess - CPR • Treat forshock • Position • Prevent body heat loss

27. SPINAL INJURIES • Responsive victim • Unresponsive victim • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Avoid unnecessary movement • Treat for shock

28. CHEST INJURIES • Injuries to the chest wall • Open • Closed • Lung injury

29. CHEST INJURIES • Rib fracture • Flail chest • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat Cause • Support chest wall • Treat for shock

30. CHEST INJURIES • Hemothorax • Pneumothorax • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat Cause • Sealthewound • Treat for shock • Position

31. ABDOMINAL INJURIES • Closed injuries • Open injuries

32. ABDOMINAL INJURIES • Closed injuries • Open injuries • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat for shock • Blow to the abdomen

33. ABDOMINAL INJURIES • Closed injuries • Open injuries • Penetrating wound • Protruding organs • First Aid Interventions • ABCDE • Treat Cause • dressing • Treat for shock

34. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESAND OPEN WOUNDS • Fractures • Dislocations • Sprains • Strains • Open wounds

35. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESAND OPEN WOUNDS • Signs • DOTS • Deformity • Open wounds • Tenderness • Swelling

36. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESAND OPEN WOUNDS • Signs • CSM • Circulation • Sensation • Movement

37. BONE, JOINT, MUSCLE INJURIESAND OPEN WOUNDS • First Aid Interventions • Rest • Ice • Compression • Elevation

38. Practice: Log-rollingtechnique

39. RESOURCES • National Safety Council; FIRST AID AND CPR. • Chapleau, W., Pons, P. (2007) EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. St. Louis: Elsevier • Caroline, N. (2007) EMERGENCY CARE IN THE STREET. 6th ed. London: Jones and Bartlett • http://www.orthonurse.org/portals/0/spine%20trauma.pdf • http://www.itim.nsw.gov.au/index.cfm?objectid=B87D2A77-1321-1C29-70E6185019A27B4E