Researchers’ Mobility, a key factor of Knowledge based society :

1. Workshop: Researchers’ mobility in the region of Western Balkans  12March 2007, Kopaonik Researchers’ Mobility, a key factor of Knowledge based society: WEB-MOB an INCO project towards this direction Sanopoulos Dimitrios Coordinator of the Greek Mobility Centres Network and WEB-MOB project, NCP-PEOPLE for Northern Greece

2. European Union; Globalization and the New Challenges • Development is strongly influenced by innovation and niche technologies • USA Economy influences more intensively today Global economy • Asian Economy is growing up • Aging of European population • Europe is not enough “innovative” • Innovation is a key factor for development • Capital is attracted by development and dislikes high production costs

3. Globalization and European Research Environment Competition becomes More and more intensive World becomes smaller Markets are extended Competitiveness become more specialized

4. From industrial towards Knowledge based society Information Society Wealth Society Wealth producing society Knowledge based society • In information society, knowledge is the driving force and capital follows knowledge • HUMAN CAPITAL PRODUCES KNOWLEDGE

5. Other Europe -92,500 1,000 3,400 1,800 15,000 27,000 2,700 24,000 108,000 US + Canada +409,700 Asia + Oceania -474,800 28,000 178,000 49,000 EU (1) +371,000 10,000 3,000 27,000 20,000 120,000 Latin America - 48,000 Africa - 165,400 302,000 4,500 MOBILITY OF RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE Data: 1999 Source: ΕΕ, DG-Research

6. WHY MOBILITY? Mobility is a key factor for innovation in research within a region INCOMING RESEARCHERS ACCELERATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

7. WHY MOBILITY? • MAIN MECHANISMS TO ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT: • KNOW-HOW: Incoming scientists favor the dissemination of knowledge, especially tacit knowledge and contribute significantly in the capitalization of knowledge within the host country. For example in USA in 1997, 26% of the candidate PhD holders were foreigners. • ENTERPRENEURSHIP: Migration of high skilled persons is a key factor to increase entrepreneurship. • INNOVATION:Mobile researchers specialized in scientific fields related to niche technologies like nanotechnology, informatics contribute significantly in research development and entrepreneurship in new fields.

8. BRAIN-DRAIN AND BRAIN-GAIN According to the Encyclopedia Britannicabrain drain is “the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions” Brain-drain andbrain-gain are natural processes and we cannot stop them IF YOU CANNOT CRASH YOUR ENEMY BECOME HIS FRIEND (R.Green, J. Elffers: The 48 laws of power)

9. BRAIN-DRAIN AND BRAIN-GAIN TURN MOBILITY FOR YOUR BENEFIT • Don’t try to inhibit it • Encourage people to become more mobile • Give opportunities to the youngsters for new experiences, new changes, new challenges. • Be open minded and attract new talents

10. BRAIN-DRAIN AND BRAIN-GAIN • NETWORKING • Search the best networks • Create new alliance with leading research organizations and networks • Participate, coordinate or develop new networks

11. BRAIN-DRAIN AND BRAIN-GAIN • DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS • Aim to excellence – Do less but in better and more effective way • Manage your resources in a way to secure excellency and don’t waste your funds.

12. BRAIN-DRAIN AND BRAIN-GAIN • Aim to achieve «brain-gain» • By attracting young talents • By organizing effective repatriation mechanisms addressed to researchers of your national Diaspora • Give the opportunities to talented young scientists to occupy better positions in your organization than in their previous job

13. A Mobility Strategy for the European Research Area (ERA) The aim is to create a favorable environment for the mobility of researchers in the ERA , in order to develop, attract and retain appropriate human resources in research and to promote innovation

14. EU and the transition to knowledge based society • European Research Area and Lisbon mandate (2000) • Political target of Barcelona (2002) • Bologna Process (1999) • European Mobility Portal – ERACAREERS (2003) • European Mobility Centres Network – ERA-MORE (2004) • Steering Group on HRM • The code of conduct and the charter of the European Researcher (2005) • Directive and Recommendations aiming at the improvement of condition of admission of Third Countries Researchers (2005)

15. CONCLUDING REMARKS Mobility of Researchers: • Is a strategic priority for EU • Accelerates technological development • Is a dissemination mechanism of knowledge, know-how and professional skills • Encourages innovation and new research fields • Enhances entrepreneurship • Encourages communication • Limits radical and dogmatic practices, like racisms, xenophobia • It is favored by excellence (centres of excellence and knowledge industry)

16. WEB-MOB Project Objectives • The project will identify the existing obstacles concerning the incoming mobility of Researchers in Western Balkan Countries. • Create synergies acting in close cooperation and complementary to the ERA-MORE Network to attract researchers in the region or to direct them within Europe

17. WEB-MOB Project Main activities 1. Review of the existing mobility policies in EU and in the WBC 2. Mapping exercise to identify research and academic organizations capable of attracting researchers, focal points within ministries, governmental organizations, local authorities, professional associations and chambers capable of offering information or assistance in matters of overcoming mobility obstacles, web addresses providing information for job opportunities, salaries, taxation schemes, national legislation in relation to mobility, visa requirements, work permits, social security, pension rights, etc.

18. WEB-MOB Project 3.Preparation of Mobility guides addressed to incoming researchers containing useful information relative to all aforementioned topics 4. Awareness activities focused on specific target groups that are the main stakeholders, like academics, governmental bodies, public services and local or regional authorities. 5. Preparation of mobility guidelines addressed to decision makers 6. Development of the WEB-MOB portal

19. WEB-MOB PARTNERS Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece (CERTH) University of Nis, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Serbia (MEF) Regional Environmental Center and Eastern Europe Country Office and Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia (REC) Geographic Studies Centre, Albania (GSC) Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Information and Materials, Research Center for Energy, FYR of Macedonia (ICEIM-MANU) Hydro-Engineering Institute Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (HEIS) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia (FSB-UZ)

20. WEB-MOB PORTAL

21. DELIVERABLES - IMPACT • Deliverables The main deliverables of WEB-MOB project are: • Mapping exercise results • Review report of the existing mobility policy in WBC • Mobility guidelines report • WEB-MOB Portal • Impact The expected benefits are: • The preparation of mobility guidelines useful to national governments for the formulation of common policy in terms of enhancing researchers mobility and to eliminate mobility barriers in the region. • To increase attractiveness of Western Balkan region for the mobile researchers. • European Commission will have a clearer image of the obstacles which incoming mobile researchers are facing in the region.

23. Merci Danke Grazie ありがとう 당신을 감사하십시오 Obrigado Вы Gracias 謝謝 Dank u Ευχαριστώ Hvala БЛАГОДАЯ